Wednesday, December 30, 2020

Sophie Amalie Rosenkrantz's letter to Marie Horn the day after meeting at Marie's eighteenth birthday party, dated April 24, 1773 (FICTION)

A letter from my work-in-progress original historical fiction story, Evening Star, written as half-autobiography, half-epistolary novel format from the point of view of Marie Horn.


The letter:

Madame,
I kommen at få detta bref på morgonen, ty jag skrifwer det under natten. Med detta bref finnen I et wackert exemplar af Rosa centifolia samt en Näseduk som jag sydde sielf i går, och jag hoppas at I förlåten mig för at jag inte har gifwit Eder något på Eder Födelsedag.

Det gaf mig stort plaisir at möta Eder, och jag wil lära mig känna Eder bätre, likasom I, utöfwer Hallonen, Philosophien och Rosorne. Jag wil weta Edra andra interessen och också mer om de andra interessen som I redan berättade för mig. Och jag hoppas at wi blefwe goda wänner, jag hafwer denna känsla djupt inuti mig; och deßutom woren I så ifwerig, jag känner redan at jag har lärt mig känna Eder bättre på några timmar än de flesta göra på några weckor.

Jag lofwade Eder at jag skulle berätta något mer om mit lif i detta bref. Ända sedan jag war barn föredrog jag altid at umgås med Pojkar. Äfwen om jag hafwer många klädningar, kläder jag mig ibland i kläderne som män bär, främst för at det är mer practiskt och lättare at flyta sig när man hafwer dem på sig. Det är i grund af denna föredragning (för at umgås med män) jag mötte Eder Broder. Han är werkligen en wänlig och aimabel man, men I kännen honom ju bättre än jag.

Jag hoppas at I mån wäl och at jag kan besöka Eder snart igen.
Sophie Amalie.
Stockholm den 24. April 1773.

English translation:

Madame,
You will receive this letter in the morning, as I am writing this letter during the night. With this letter you will find a lovely specimen of Rosa centifolia as well as a handkerchief which I sewed myself yesterday, and I hope that you will forgive me for not having given you anything on your birthday.

It gave me great pleasure to meet you, and I would like to get to know you better, as do you, beyond the raspberries, the philosophy and the roses. I want to know your other interests and also more about the other interests which you already told me about. And I hope that we will become good friends, I have this feeling deep within me; and besides, you were so eager, I already feel that I have gotten to know you better in a few hours than most people do in a few weeks.

I promised you that I would tell you something more about my life in this letter. Ever since I was a child, I always preferred to associate with boys. Although I have many dresses, I sometimes dress in the clothes that men wear, mainly because it is more practical and easier to move when one wears them. It is because of this preference (for associating with men) that I met your brother. He is truly a kind and amiable man, but you know him better than I do.

I hope that you are doing well and that I can visit again soon.
Sophie Amalie
Stockholm, April 24, 1773.

Sophie Amalie Rosenkrantz's letter to Marie Horn, dated April 25, 1773 (FICTION)

A letter from my work-in-progress original historical fiction story, Evening Star, written as half-autobiography, half-epistolary novel format from the point of view of Marie Horn.


The letter:

Min kjære Marie,
Jeg modtog Deres Brev om Aftenen, og jeg er strax begyndt at svare. Det satisfacerer mig at see, at jeg er tilgivet. Som De kan see, skriver jeg disse Ord paa Dansk, som De har anmodet om.

De har jo studeret flittigt for at kjende de Latinske Navne paa disse Blomster, Madame. Maaskee kunne jeg sende Dem een af dem med et Brev i Fremtiiden. Ja, vi har bestemt de bedste Philosopher i dette Siècle, og jeg tør sige, at Diderot er den Bedste af dem. Jeg har bestemt ikke seet heele Sverige endnu, men maaskee kunde vi finde en deylig Skov eller Eng et eller andet Sted, saa De kan male der.

Tanken er liige nu kommet til mig: Naar jeg kommer til at besøge Eder, maaskee kunde jeg tage nogle af mine Mandsklæder med, saa Deres Broder seer det for sig selv, jeg veed, at han vil være saa glad.

Jeg haaber, at De forbliver at være ved goedt Helbred. Dette er jo mit andet Brev til Dem, og jeg har kjendt Dem ikkun i to Dage, men jeg har allerede megen Glæde af vores Correspondence, jeg kan allerede see, hvor meget Plaisir den giver Dem.
Deres Ven,
Sophie Amalie.
Stockholm den 25. April 1773.

English translation:

My dear Marie,
I received your letter in the evening, and I have immediately begun my reply. It satisfies me to see that I am forgiven. As you can see, I write these words in Danish, as you have requested.

You have studied diligently to know the Latin names of these flowers, Madame. Perhaps I could send you one of them with a letter in future. Yes, we certainly have the best philosophers in this century, and I dare say that Diderot is the best of them. I certainly haven't seen all of Sweden yet, but perhaps we could find a nice forest or meadow somewhere so that you can paint there.

The thought has just come to me: when I come to visit you, perhaps I might bring some of my men's clothing with me so that your brother will see it for himself, I know he'll be so pleased.

I hope you continue to have good health. This is my second letter to you, and I've known you for only two days, but I already greatly enjoy our correspondence, I can already see how much pleasure it gives you.
Your friend,
Sophie Amalie.
Stockholm, April 25, 1773.

Marie Horn's letter to Sophie Amalie Rosenkrantz, dated April 25, 1773 (FICTIONAL)

A letter from my work-in-progress original historical fiction story, Evening Star, written as half-autobiography, half-epistolary novel format from the point of view of Marie Horn.


The letter:

Min kära Sophie,
Jag tackar Eder för brefwet och för Edra gåfwor, de äro wackra. Och ja, jag förlåter Eder; det wore onödigt at säga at I ännu inte känden mig och vice versa.

I wilden weta om mina andra interessen eller mer om de jag redan talat om. Detta är en af dem, til exempel, eftersom I ären så ifwerig. Som jag nämnde är Rosa centifolia min favorit slags Ros; mina andra favorita blommor är Syringa vulgaris (syrén), Dianthus caryophyllus (näjlika) och Pæonia (päon). Jag tror at Frankrike och wårt siècle hafwe producerat några af de besta Philosopherna i werlden, jag finner altid wisdom och sanning i deras ord. Jag tycker också om at måla, men jag föredrar at måla landskap och det finns ju ingen möjelighet at göra det her i Staden.

I flatteren mig med Edra ord, Madame. Jag wet at wi komme at blifwa goda Wänner, och jag hoppas at wi snart ses igjen.

Huru interessant at I nämnen denna smak — min Broder har samma Predilectionen. När wi woro barn lånade han altid mina kläder, och wi continuere detta äfwen nu. Ja wißerligen, Klädningarne paſse honom, och jag kan wäl föreställa mig at Herredrägterne passe Eder också.

Jag måste hålla nu up, Johan har kommit tilbaka med Frukosten. Faren wäl, och jag hoppas at det her brefwet finner Eder wid god helsa. Om I icke hafwen något emot at jag frågar detta, skrifwen Edert swar på Danska.
Marie.
Stockholm den 25. April 1773.

English translation:

My dear Sophie,
I thank you for the letter and for your gifts, they are lovely. And yes, I forgive you; it would be unnecessary to say that you did not know me yet and vice versa.

You wanted to know about my other interests or more about the ones I already talked about. Here is one of them, for example, since you are so eager. As I mentioned, Rosa centifolia is my favourite species of rose; my other favourite flowers are Syringa vulgaris (lilac), Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), and paeonia (peony). I believe that France and our century have produced some of the best philosophers in the world, I always find wisdom and truth in their words. I also enjoy painting, but I prefer to paint landscapes and there is no opportunity for that here in the city.

You flatter me with your words, Madame. I know that we will become good friends, and I hope that we will see you again soon.

How interesting that you mention this liking — my brother has the same preference. When we were children he was always borrowing my clothes, and we continue this even now. Indeed, the dresses suit him, and I can well imagine that the men's clothes suit you as well.

I must stop now, Johan has come back in with breakfast. Goodbye, and I hope this letter finds you in good health. If you don't mind me asking, please write your reply in Danish.
Marie.
Stockholm, April 25, 1773.

Marie Horn's letter to her brother Johan Horn the Younger, written upon their mutual "coming out", in modern idiom; dated June 19, 1771 (FICTION)

A letter from my work-in-progress original historical fiction story, Evening Star, written as half-autobiography, half-epistolary novel format from the point of view of Marie Horn.


The letter:

Min käraste Broder,
Det war ju en stor lätnad at berätta om mina känslor, jag wet wäl at jag altid kan lita på Dig, och Du är också den enda Personen jag har hittils berättat om dem. Men jag hafwer tänkt på det länge och jag wet at Du också har gjort det.

Jag litar helt på Dit judicium och wisdom i denna sak och jag continuerar at lefwa uti den goda förhopning om at GUD unne det. Och jag förnimmer uti Din mening at det redan är föreskrifwet i Ödet, och resignerar mig til Din wisdom och GUDS wilje.

Jag håller med om at wi inte borde berätta för Fader om wår Conversation, och jag tackar Dig ödmjukt för Din lilla Proposition. Jag förblifwer til min döds-dag och i all ewighet
Din devota och affectionerade lilla Syster
Marie
Stockholm den 19. Junii 1771.

English translation:

My dearest brother,
It was a great relief to tell you my feelings, I know well that I can always trust you, and you are likewise the only person I have told about them so far. But I've been thinking about it for a long time, and I know that you have too.

I fully trust your judgement and wisdom in this matter and I will continue to live in the good hope that God will grant it. And I perceive in your opinion that it is already prescribed in fate, resigning myself to your wisdom and God's will.

I agree with you that we shouldn't tell Father about our conversation, and I thank you humbly for your little proposition. I remain until my dying day and for all eternity
Your devoted and affectionate little sister
Marie.
Stockholm, June 19, 1771.

Ulrika Euphrosyna Skiöld's letter to her adult son Johan Horn the Younger and adolescent daughter Marie Horn, dated June 26, 1771 (FICTION)

A letter from my work-in-progress original historical fiction story, Evening Star, written as half-autobiography, half-epistolary novel format from the point of view of Marie Horn.


The letter:

Mina hjertans-kjära Barn,
Det gifwer mig stor glädje at höra om edert sentiment, hwars existence jag redan hade soupçonnerat i många år, och tron mig när jag ſäger at jag hoppas at I kommen at finna all lycka och salighet i wärlden med hwilken Man eller Qwinna är destinerad at wara respective eder. Och när de komma, skal jag wälkomna dem til wår familie lika gjerna som jag wälkomnade eder.

Men, mina kära Barn, jag hoppas också at I fån mer lycka än jag har haft i mit ägtenskap med eder Fader. Johan, Du wet mycket wäl at jag altid har respecterat Din kärlek til klädningar, och nu Din kärlek til män, mycket mer än Din Fader någonsin har gjort, och jag måste erkänna at denna difference i mening gjenom åren har orsakat strid mellan oß. Jag war altid försigtig med at aldrig låta eder höra et ord om det, och I kunnen wäl se at jag ej kan acceptera hans désapprobation, och I hafwen mig och hwar-andra, så I måsten inte inquietera eder. Weten at jag altid wil älska och supportera eder oansedt hwad som sker, och jag är och förblifwer
Eder wäl och djupt affectionerade Moder
Ulrika Euphrosyna.
Stockholm den 26. Junii 1771.

English translation:

My beloved children,
It gives me great joy to hear of your feelings, whose existence I had already suspected for many years, and believe me when I say that I hope that you will find all the happiness and bliss in the world with whichever man or woman is respectively meant to be yours. And when they come, I will welcome them into our family just as gladly as I welcomed you.

But, my dear children, I also hope that you will have more happiness than I have had in my marriage with your father. Johan, you know very well that I have always appreciated your love for dresses, and now your love for men, far more than your father ever has, and I must confess that through the years, this difference in opinion has led to strife between us. I was always careful to never let you hear a word of it, and you can well see that I cannot accept his disapproval, and you have me and each other, so do not trouble yourselves. Know that I will always love and support you no matter what happens, and I am and remain
Your well and deeply affectionate mother
Ulrika Euphrosyna.
Stockholm, June 26, 1771.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated January 16, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Sir George Hayter.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, painted by Sir George Hayter.

The letter:

16th January 1837.
MY DEAREST UNCLE, — ... We saw Van de Weyer on Tuesday, and his conversation was most interesting. He praises our dear Ferdinand most exceedingly, but as for the poor Queen, what he told us does not redound much to her credit; one good quality, however, she has, which is her excessive fondness for and real obedience to Ferdinand. She is unfortunately surrounded by a camarilla who poison her ears, and fetter all her actions; poor soul! she is much to be pitied. About Lavradio you will also have, I fear, heard but too much. Honesty and single-heartedness seems to have left Portugal. Van de Weyer is so clear in all that he says, so sensible, so quiet, so clever, and, last but not least, so agreeable; I hope we shall soon see him again. You see, dear Uncle, how much interest I take in Portugal; but I must say that I think every one who knows dear Ferdinand, and particularly who loves him as I do, must feel a very deep interest as to the fate of the unhappy country in which he is destined to play so prominent and difficult a part.

I have been reading to-day a very clever speech of Sir Robert Peel's (not a political one) to the University at Glasgow, on the occasion of his being elected Lord Rector of that college. There is another speech of his at the dinner at Glasgow which is political, but which I have not yet read. ...

Note: Van de Weyer = Sylvain Van de Weyer, Belgian Plenipotentiary at the Conference of London in 1830 and later Foreign Minister of Belgium. He remained close friends with Victoria until his death in 1874.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated December 5, 1836

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Henry Collen.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, drawn by Sir George Hayter.

The letter:

CLAREMONT, 5th December 1836.
MY DEAREST UNCLE, — ... I have begun since a few days Lord Clive's Life, by Sir John Malcolm, which is very interesting, as it gives much insight into the affairs of India, over parts of which, I fear, it would be well to through a veil. I am reading it by myself, et je vous le recommande. ...

Note: "et je vous le recommande" = "and I recommend it to you."

Charlotte Aïssé's letter to Madame Calandrini, dated November 1726

Source:

Lettres de Mademoiselle Aïssé à Madame Calandrini, compiled and edited by Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, published by Gerdès, Paris, 1846



Above: Charlotte Aïssé, painted likely by Nicolas de Largillière.

TRIGGER WARNING: MENTION OF PHYSICAL ABUSE.

The letter:

De Paris, novembre 1726.
J'ai reçu la lettre que vous avez eu la bonté de m'écrire de votre campagne: je ne doute point que vous n'ayez eu un plaisir bien vif de vous être vu recevoir avec tant d'amitié. Les démonstrations de joie que l'on a eues de votre retour ne peuvent être feintes: ainsi, madame, vous avez joui d'un bonheur que les rois mêmes ne goûtent pas. Vous me direz qu'il n'étoit point nécessaire que vous fussiez malheureuse pour être aimée; que vous le seriez tout autant, et même davantage, si vous étiez dans une fortune riante. L'expérience, il est vrai, fait voir que l'adversité et la mauvaise fortune déplaisent aux hommes, et que, le plus souvent, les bonnes qualités, le mérite, sont les zéros, et le bien le chiffre qui les fait valoir; mais cependant on se rend toujours à la vertu. Je conviens qu'il faut en avoir beaucoup pour qu'elle supplée au manque de richesses: ainsi, madame, rien n'est plus flatteur que l'accueil obligeant que vous avez reçu. Vous êtes amplement dédommagée des injustices du Sort. Je suis charmée que vous vous portiez mieux; rien ne contribue à la santé comme d'avoir sujet d'être content de soi.

Je fais tous mes efforts pour déterminer M. et madame de Ferriol d'aller à Pont-de-Veyle; ils disent que c'est bien leur dessein, mais je ne le croirai que lorsque nous partirons. Il n'y a pas de jour que je ne leur fasse sentir le besoin de leur présence dans leurs terres, et celui de quitter quelque temps Paris.

M. de Bonnac va à Soleure. Je lui ai parlé de madame votre sœur; madame de Bonnac espère de la voir souvent pendant son séjour dans ce pays-là. Comme il n'y a pas loin de Genève, nous irons, vous et moi, les voir; me dedirez-vous? M. et madame de Ferriol et Pont-de-Veyle vous font mille tendres complimens et respects. Pour d'Argental, il est dans l'île enchantée; on ne sait plus quand il en sortira. J'occupe sa chambre, parce que je fais raccommoder la mienne qui sera charmante; je suis bien fâchée que vous ne la voyiez pas: mes réparations me reviendront à cent pistoles. J'ai vu M. Saladin le cadet; je me suis senti une tendresse pour lui dont je ne me serois pas doutée il y a six mois; et je crois que je l'aurois eue pour M. Buisson, s'il avoit vécu. Les gens que j'ai connus chez vous me sont chers. Il y a long-temps que je n'ai vu madame votre fille; elle a été à la campagne, et moi de mon côté. Nous sommes allés passer les fêtes à Ablon, mademoiselle de Villefranche, madame de Servigny, M. et madame de Ferriol, MM. de Fontenay, La Mesangère, le chevalier et Clémencey: nous avons fait grand feu et bonne chère. Vous en êtes étonnée; mais c'est pour long-temps. La maîtresse de la maison craignoit La Mesangère. Elle n'a jamais osé appeler Clément, son chien noir, ni Champagne; elle a été de très-bonne humeur, malgré sa contrainte, et la partie s'est très-bien passée. La Mesangère fut charmant. M. de Fontenay m'a chargée de vous assurer de ses respects.

Il faut un peu vous parler des spectacles. Les deux petits violons Francœur et Rebel ont fait un opéra; le sujet est *Pyrame et Thisbé*. Il est fort joli, quant à la musique, car, pour le poëme, il est mauvais: il y a une décoration nouvelle. Le premier acte représente une place publique, avec des arcades et des colonnes; ce qui est admirable. La perspective est parfaitement bien suivie, et les proportions bien gardées. Le pauvre Thévenard tombe si fort, que je ne doute pas qu'il ne soit sifflé dans six mois. Pour Chassé, c'est son triomphe; il est acteur dans cet opéra; son rôle est très-beau; il fait deux octaves pleins. La Antier en est folle. Mademoiselle Lemaure est rentrée; et Muraire, qui a été très-mal, se porte bien. Le bruit avoit couru qu'il se faisoit moine, mais le métier est trop bon, et il ne quitte point l'Opéra. Il y a une nouvelle actrice, nommée Pellissier, qui partage l'approbation du public avec la Lemaure: pour moi, je suis pour la Lemaure; sa voix, son jeu, me plaisent plus que celui de mademoiselle Pellissier. Cette dernière a la voix très-petite, et elle l'a toujours forcée sur le théâtre; elle est très-bonne pantomime; tous ses gestes sont justes et nobles; mais elle en a tant que mademoiselle Antier paroît tout d'une pièce auprès d'elle. Il me semble que, dans le rôle d'amoureuse, quelque violente que soit la situation, la modestie et la retenue sont choses nécessaires; toute passion doit être dans les inflexions de la voix et dans les accens. Il faut laisser aux hommes et aux magiciens les gestes violens et hors de mesure; une jeune princesse doit être plus modeste. Voilà mes réflexions. En êtes-vous contente? Le public rend justice à mademoiselle Lemaure; et quand on l'a revue sur le théâtre, elle parut premièrement à l'amphithéâtre, tout le parterre se retourna et battit des mains pendant un quart d'heure. Elle reçut ces applaudissemens avec une grande joie, et fit des révèrences pour remercier le parterre. Madame la duchesse de Duras, qui protège la Pellissier, étoit furieuse, et me fit signe que c'étoit moi et madame de Parabère qui avions payé des gens pour battre des mains. Le lendemain, la même chose arriva, et mademoiselle Pellissier en pensa crever de dépit.

La Comédie est de retour de Fontainebleau où il y a jubilé: nous ne l'avons pas ici, à cause de M. le cardinal de Noailles. On est affamé de tragédies, parce que, depuis Fontainebleau, on ne joue que des farces. Pour la Comédie Italienne, on y joue la critique de l'opéra, qui, à ce qu'on dit, est fort jolie. La pauvre Silvia a pensé mourir: on prétend qu'elle a un petit amant qu'elle aime beaucoup; que son mari, de jalousie, l'a battue outré-enfans, à trois mois; elle a été très-mal; elle est mieux à présent. Mademoiselle Flaminia avoit eu la méchanceté d'instruire le mari des galanteries de sa femme. Vous jugez bien, à l'amour que le parterre avoit pour Flaminia, combien il l'a maltraitée. Les bals vont commencer; mais ils seront sûrement aussi déserts que l'année passée.

Permettez que je fasse ici quelques petites coquetteries à monsieur votre mari. Je suis extrêmement touchée du petit mot qu'il a mis dans votre lettre; et, dussiez-vous le battre de jalousie, je lui dirai que je l'aime beaucoup.

English translation (my own):

Paris, November 1726.
I have received the letter you were kind enough to write to me about your campaign; I do not doubt that you had a very lively pleasure to be seen received with so much friendship. The demonstrations of joy that we have had at your return cannot be feigned; thus, madame, you have enjoyed a happiness which even kings do not taste. You will tell me that it was not necessary for you to be unhappy to be loved; than you would be just as much, and even more, if you were in a happy fortune. Experience, it is true, shows that adversity and bad fortune displease men, and that, more often than not, good qualities, merit, are zeros, and good the number which makes them stand out; but yet we always surrender to virtue. I agree that it takes a lot to make up for the lack of wealth; thus, madam, nothing is more flattering than the obliging reception which you have received. You are amply compensated for the injustices of Fate. I am delighted that you are doing better; nothing contributes to health like having something to be happy with.

I am making all my efforts to persuade M. and Madame de Ferriol to go to Pont-de-Veyle; they say that's their design, but I won't believe it until we leave. There is not a day that I did not make them feel the need of their presence in their lands, and that of leaving Paris for a while.

Monsieur de Bonnac is going to Solothurn. I told him about your sister; Madame de Bonnac hopes to see her often during her stay in that country. As it is not far from Geneva, we will go, you and I, to see them; will you deduct me? Monsieur and Madame de Ferriol and Pont-de-Veyle pay you a thousand tender compliments and respects. As for d'Argental, he is in the enchanted island; we do not know when he will come out. I occupy his room, as I am having mine repaired, which will be charming; I am very sorry that you cannot see it, my repairs will cost me a hundred pistoles. I saw Monsieur Saladin the younger; I felt a tenderness for him that I would not have suspected six months ago; and I believe I would have had it for Monsieur Buisson, if he had lived. The people I have known in your home are dear to me. It has been a long time since I saw your daughter; she has been in the country, and I on my side. We went to spend the holidays at Ablon, Mademoiselle de Villefranche, Madame de Servigny, Monsieur and Madame de Ferriol, Madame de Fontenay, La Mesangère, the Chevalier and Clémencey; we had a great fire and good food. You are astonished at it; but it is for a long time. The mistress of the house feared La Mesangère. She never dared to call Clément, her black dog, or Champagne; she was in a very good mood, despite her constraint, and the game went very well. La Mesangère was charming. Monsieur de Fontenay asked me to assure you of his respects.

You need to be informed a little about the shows. The two little violins Francœur and Rebel performed an opera; the subject is Pyrame and Thisbé. It is very pretty, as to the music, because for the poem it is bad; there is a new decoration. The first act represents a public square, with arcades and columns, which is admirable. The perspective is perfectly well followed, and the proportions well kept. Poor Thevenard falls so hard that I have no doubt he will be whistled in six months. For Chassé, it was his triumph; he is an actor in this opera; his part is very beautiful; makes two full octaves. La Antier is crazy about it. Mademoiselle Lemaure has returned; and Muraire, who was very ill, is doing well. There had been a rumour that he was making himself a monk, but the job was too good, and he did not leave the Opera. There is a new actress, named Pellissier, who shares public approval with the Lemaure; as for me, I am for the Lemaure; her voice, her playing, please me more than that of Mademoiselle Pellissier. The latter has a very small voice, and she has always forced it on the stage; she is a very good pantomime, all his gestures are just and noble, but she does them so much that Mademoiselle Antier seems all in one piece to her. It seems to me that, in the role of lover, however violent the situation, modesty and restraint are necessary; all passion must be in the inflections of the voice and in the accents. Violent and out of measure gestures must be left to men and magicians; a young princess must be more modest. These are my thoughts. Are you happy with it? The public does justice to Mademoiselle Lemaure; and when we saw her again at the theater, she first appeared in the amphitheater, the whole audience turned around and clapped their hands for a quarter of an hour. She received this applause with great joy, and curtsied to thank the parterre. Madame la Duchesse de Duras, who protects Pellissier, was furious, and made a sign to me that it was I and Madame de Parabère who had paid people to clap their hands. The next day the same thing happened, and Mademoiselle Pellissier thought she was dying of vexation.

The Comédie is back from Fontainebleau where it is jubilee: we don't have it here, because of Cardinal de Noailles. We are hungry for tragedies because, since Fontainebleau, we've only had comedies. For the Italian Comédie, it plays the opera criticism, which, they say, is very pretty. Poor Silvia thought she was dying, they say she has a little lover whom she loves very much, that her husband, out of jealousy, beat her outraged children, at three months; she was very bad; she is better now. Mademoiselle Flaminia had had the nastiness to instruct the husband of his wife's gallantry. You can imagine how much he mistreated her by the love the parterre had for Flaminia. The balls will begin; but they will surely be as deserted as last year.

Allow me to make a few little coquetries here for your husband. I am extremely touched by the little note he put in your letter; and, should you beat him with jealousy, I will tell him that I love him very much.

Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough's letter to Queen Anne, year 1707

Source:

Private correspondence of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough: illustrative of the court and times of Queen Anne, volume 1, H. Colburn, London, 1838



Above: Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, painted after Sir Godfrey Kneller.


Above: Queen Anne, painted by Charles Jervas after Sir Godfrey Kneller.

The letter:

[first part missing] seems to have in the worst men in this kingdom; but this is certain, that neither Lord Marlborough nor Lord Treasurer differ in what I have so often said, whenever I have had occasion to speak upon these subjects to either of them, and very lately I have some proofs of that by letters from Lord Marlborough, therefore I hope your majesty will be not so much offended with me as you have lately been, if I believe those things for your good that are thought so, by those that have served you with so much success, — men that have a view of all things and all sorts of people, whereas your Majesty has had the misfortune to be misinformed in general things. Even from twelve years old, you have heard in your father's court, strange names given to men by flatterers in these former reigns, for no reason in the world but that they would not contribute to carry on Popery. That, and many other things too long to repeat in a letter, has given your Majesty very wrong notions; and you are like people that never read but one sort of books — you can't possibly judge, unless you heard all things stated fairly. Besides, everybody in your station has a great disadvantage in conversing freely as others do in the world, and it is not so easy for you to come at truth as those that see with their own eyes all that passes; you must depend upon the information and judgement of others, and I am sorry you have so little opinion of those, that have hitherto led your Majesty into no misfortunes, nor that can have no interest but yours. Much more might be said, but I will not trouble you with another sheet of paper; I will end in begging and praying that you may be freed from the enchantment, which is the only thing I can call it.

Princess Elizabeth's letter to her stepmother Catherine Parr, dated July 31, 1548

Source:

The girlhood of Queen Elizabeth, a narrative in letters, Frank Arthur Mumby, 1909



Above: Elizabeth as princess, formerly attributed to William Scrots.


Above: Catherine Parr, after Hans Eworth.

The letter:

July 31, [1548].
Although your Highness's letters be most joyful to me in absence, yet, considering what pain it is to you to write, your Grace being so great with child, and so sickly, your commendation were enough in my lord's letter. I much rejoice at your health, with the well liking of the country, with my humble thanks that your Grace wished me with you till I were weary of that country. Your Highness were like to be cumbered if I should not depart till I were weary of being with you; although it were the worst soil in the world, your presence would make it pleasant. I cannot reprove my lord for not doing your commendations in his letter, for he did it; and although he had not, yet I will not complain on him, for he shall be diligent to give me knowledge from time to time how his busy child doth; and if I were at his birth, no doubt I would see him beaten, for the trouble he hath put you to. Master Denny and my lady, with humble thanks, prayeth most entirely for your Grace, praying the Almighty God to send you a most lucky deliverance; and my mistress wisheth no less, giving your Highness most humble thanks for her commendations. Written, with very little leisure, this last day of July. Your humble daughter, ELIZABETH.

Notes: like = likely

"my mistress" = Kat Ashley, Elizabeth's governess.

Princess Elizabeth's letter to her stepfather Lord Admiral Thomas Seymour, year 1547

Source:

The girlhood of Queen Elizabeth, a narrative in letters, Frank Arthur Mumby, 1909



Above: Elizabeth as princess, formerly attributed to William Scrots.


Above: Lord Admiral Thomas Seymour, painted by Nicolas Denisot.

The letter:

My Lord, — You needed not to send an excuse to me, for I could not mistrust the not fulfilling your promise to proceed from want of goodwill, but only that opportunity served not. Wherefore I shall desire you to think that a greater matter than this could not make me impute any unkindness in you, for I am a friend not won with trifles, nor lost with the like. Thus I commit you and your affairs into God's hand, who keep you from all evil. I pray you to make my humble commendations to the Queen's highness. Your assured friend to my little power, ELIZABETH.

Princess Elizabeth's letter to her half-sister Princess Mary, year 1547

Sources:

La vie d'Elizabeth, reine d'Angleterre, volume 1, Gergorio Leti, 1703


The girlhood of Queen Elizabeth, a narrative in letters, Frank Arthur Mumby, 1909



Above: Elizabeth as princess, formerly attributed to William Scrots.


Above: Princess Mary, painted by Master John.

The letter:

Ma chere Princesse, & ma trés chere sœur,
Vous avez bien raison de dire, dans la lettre que vous m'avez fait l'honneur de m'écrire, que nos interests estant communs, la douleur que nous avons de voir les cendres, ou plûtôt le corps encore presque vivant du Roy nôtre Pére, si honteusement deshonoré par la Reine nôtre mere, nous doit estre commune aussi; Je ne saurois vous exprimer, ma chére Princesse, combien j'ai senti d'affliction à la prémiere nouvelle que j'ai eu de ce mariage, & je n'y ai pû trouver d'autre consolation, que celle de nous soumettre aux decrets du Ciel, puis que nous ne sommes en estat, ni vous ni moy, d'y apporter aucun obstacle sans courir risque de rendre nôtre condition encore pire qu'elle n'est du moins je le croi ainsi. Nous avons à faire à un Parti trop puissant, qui a toute l'autorité en main, & nous n'avons aucun credit en Cour. J'estime donc que le meilleur parti que nous puissions prendre, c'est celui de dissimuler afin que la peine tombe sur les coupables. Car enfin il faut compter que la memoire du Roy nôtre Pére est assez glorieuse pour se soûtenir, d'elle-mesme & que les taches dont on voudroit la couvrir, retomberont sur ceux qui le veulent deshonorer. Le meilleur sera donc de souffrir, ce que nous ne pouvons empêcher. Si nôtre silence ne nous fait pas honneur, du moins il ne nous attirera pas de nouvelles disgraces. C'est-là mon sentiment, qu'il me semble que la raison m'inspire de vous écrire en réponse à vôtre agréable lettre. Pour ce qui est de rendre des visites, je ne vois pas que vous qui êtes l'aînée y soyez obligée, mais l'estat où je suis m'oblige à prendre d'autres mesures: la Reine m'ayant témoigné tant d'amitié, & rendu tant de bons offices; qu'il faut que je gouverne avec elle avec beaucoup de circonspection, de peur de paroître ingrate. Je ne m'empresserai pourtant pas à lui rendre visite, afin que l'on ne m'accuse d'approuver ce que je devrois blâmer. Cependant j'aurai toûjours beaucoup de deférence pour les instructions que vous me donnez, & serai toûjours soûmise à tout ce qu'il vous plaira m'ordonner, estant, de Vôtre Altesse, &c.

English translation (from source 2):

1547.
Princess, and very dear sister, — You are very right in saying, in your most acceptable letters, which you have done me the honour of writing to me, that, our interests being common, the just grief we feel in seeing the ashes, or rather the scarcely cold body of the King, our father, so shamefully dishonoured by the queen, our stepmother, ought to be common to us also. I cannot express to you, my dear princess, how much affliction I suffered when I was first informed of this marriage, and no other comfort can I find than that of the necessity of submitting ourselves to the decrees of Heaven; since neither you nor I, dearest sister, are in such a condition as to offer any obstacle thereto, without running heavy risk of making our own lot much worse than it is; at least, so I think. We have to deal with too powerful a party, who have got all authority into their hands, while we, deprived of power, cut a very poor figure at Court. I think, then, that the best course we can take is that of dissimulation, that the mortification may fall upon those who commit the fault. For we may rest assured that the memory of the King, our father, being so glorious in itself, cannot be subject to those stains which can only defile the persons who have wrought them. Let us console ourselves by making the best of what we cannot remedy. If our silence do us no honour, at least it will not draw down upon us such disasters as our lamentations might induce.

These are my sentiments, which the little reason I have dictates, and which guides my respectful reply to your agreeable letter. With regard to the returning of visits, I do not see that you, who are the elder, are obliged to this; but the position in which I stand obliges me to take other measures; the queen having shown me such great affection, and done me so many kind offices, that I must use much tact in manœuvering with her, for fear of appearing ungrateful for her benefits. I shall not, however, be in any hurry to visit her, lest I should be charged with approving what I ought to censure.

However, I shall always pay much deference to your instructions and commands, in all which you shall think convenient or serviceable to you.

King Kristina of Sweden's letter to Count Palatine Karl Gustav, year 1647

Source:

Nya handlingar rörande Skandinaviens historia, Volume 27, Elmen och Granberg, 1845



Above: King Kristina of Sweden, painted by Abraham Wuchters.


Above: Count Palatine Karl Gustav, later King Karl X Gustav of Sweden, painted by Sébastien Bourdon.

The letter:

Monsieur mon Cousin, Jl semble vostre lestre me convie a expliquer le sens de celle que ie vous ay escrit dernierement, l'assurance que iay de navoir pas besoign de justifier mes actions par baucoup de parolles aupres d'une personne qui a des sentiments pour mon avantage tels que ie le puis souhaitter, me mest pour cette fois la plume a la main pour vous asseurer, que si vous aues trouve quelque parole dans ma presedante qui n'ayt exprime au naif mes sentimens comme ie l'eus peut estre souhaitte, tout cela n'a este que le defaut de ma plume, Car pour moy ie sais bien que mon intention a tousiours este et l'est encore, de vous asseurer d'une tres sinsere et tres constante affection, de la quelle ie desire de vous donner des preuves qui vous tesmoingeront que sa grandeur est telle que sans faire tort a moy ie vous la puisse accorder, vous saues Monsieur ce que ie veux dire, et vous songes que ce sont les sentiments qui m'accompangeront au tombau, pour ce qu'est asteur de vos lestres et la crainte que vous avez qu'elles ne m'importuneront, Je vous prie d'oster de vostre esprit une opinion si mal fonde, et me faire le plaisir de croire quelles ne peuvent que m'estre tres cheres, puisque ie le considere comme le marque d'une affection qui ne peut jamais estre ny importune ny desagreable a moy, Quant il vous plaira de la conserver dans les bornes qui son prescrittes
Monsieur
par Vostre tres affectione
Cousine et Amie
CHRISTINE.

Post Scriptum.
Monsieur le Comte vous baise treshumblement les mains avec asseurance d'une tel zele respect pour vostre merite, vous considereres s'il vous plaist quil ny a coeur au monde qui est tellement a vous ny qui merite mieux un amitie reciproque & sincere de vous que celluij de cet incomparable Comte, en fain sages que pour tesmoinger qu'on ... de bien il faut le faire voir en l'aimant.

Modernised spelling:

Monsieur mon Cousin, Il semble votre lettre me convie a expliquer le sens de celle que je vous ai écrit dernièrement, l'assurance que j'ai de n'avoir pas besoin de justifier mes actions par beaucoup de paroles auprès d'une personne qui a des sentiments pour mon avantage tels que je le puis souhaiter, me met pour cette fois la plume à la main pour vous assurer que si vous avez trouvé quelque parole dans ma précédente qui n'ait exprimé au naif mes sentiments comme je l'eus peut être souhaité, tout cela n'a été que le defaut de ma plume, car pour moi je sais bien que mon intention a toujours été et l'est encore, de vous assurer d'une très sincère et très constante affection, de laquelle je désire de vous donner des preuves qui vous témoigneront que sa grandeur est telle que, sans faire tort a moi, je vous la puisse accorder. Vous savez, Monsieur, ce que je veux dire, et vous songez que ce sont les sentiments qui m'accompagneront au tombeau, pour ce qu'est à cette heure de vos lettres et la crainte que vous avez qu'elles ne m'importuneront, Je vous prie d'ôter de votre esprit une opinion si mal fondée, et me faire le plaisir de croire qu'elles ne peuvent que m'être tres chères, puisque je le considere comme le marque d'une affection qui ne peut jamais être ni importune ni désagreable a moi, quand il vous plaira de la conserver dans les bornes qui sont préscrites,
Monsieur,
par votre très affectionée
Cousine et Amie
CHRISTINE.

Post Scriptum.
Monsieur le Comte vous baise très humblement les mains avec assurance d'une tel zèle respect pour votre mérite, vous considérerez s'il vous plaît qu'il n'y a cœur au monde qui est tellement a vous n'y qui mérite mieux un amitié reciproque & sincère de vous que celui de cet incomparable Comte, en fain sachez que pour témoigner qu'on ... de bien il faut le faire voir en l'aimant.

English translation (my own):

Sir my Cousin,
It seems your letter invites me to explain the meaning of the one I wrote to you recently, the assurance that I do not need to justify my actions with many words to a person who has feelings for my benefit as I may wish, this time putting my pen in my hand to assure you that if you have found some word in my previous one which did not express my feelings as naively as I did. may have been desired, all this was only the fault of my pen, because for me I know very well that my intention has always been and still is to assure you of a very sincere and very constant affection, of which I wish to give you proofs which will testify to you that its greatness is such that, without harming me, I can grant it to you. You know, Sir, what I mean, and you think that these are the feelings that will accompany me to the grave, for what your letters are at this hour and the fear that you have that they will importune me, I beg you to remove from your mind such an ill-founded opinion, and give me the pleasure of believing that they can only be very dear to me, since I consider it the mark of an affection that can never be either intrusive or disagreeable to me, when it pleases you to keep it within the limits which are prescribed,
Sir,
by your most affectionate cousin and friend,
Kristina.

P. S.
Monsieur le Comte very humbly kisses your hands with the assurance of such zeal and respect for your merit, you will please consider that there is no heart in the world which is so much yours and which better deserves a reciprocal & sincere friendship from you than that of this incomparable Count, behold, to testify that one ... of good it is necessary to show it by loving it.

King Kristina of Sweden's letter to Count Palatine Karl Gustav, dated October 3, 1647

Source:

Nya handlingar rörande Skandinaviens historia, Volume 27, Elmen och Granberg, 1845



Above: King Kristina of Sweden, painted by David Beck.


Above: Count Palatine Karl Gustav, later King Karl X Gustav of Sweden, painted by Sébastien Bourdon.

The letter:

Monsieur mon Cousin. Je vous envoy enferme en cette lestre deux petis portraits que ie vous avois promis il y a quelque temps, Je l'eusse fait plustot si la paresse de mon paintre y eust peu consentir, vous excuserez s'il vous plaist la longuer qui ma fait tort a moy meme. Je vous puis assurer que tout le monde les a trouvez parfaitement resemblents, Je souhaitterois qu'ils vous pouvoist contenter autant, adieu je suis Monsieur mon Cousin
Votre tres affectione Cousine
CHRISTINE.

Post Scriptum.
Je vous prie de prendre la peine d'assurer Mons:r votre pere de mon affection et quil ny a personne du monde qui lhonore avec plus de passion que moy, J'espere un iour d'en donner de marques evidentes de cette verite adieu
Stockholme le 3 October 1647.

Modernised spelling:

Monsieur mon Cousin. Je vous envoie enfermés en cette lettre deux petits portraits que je vous avais promis il y a quelque temps. Je l'eusse fait plûtôt si la paresse de mon paintre y eût peu consentir, vous excuserez s'il vous plaît la longuer qui m'a fait tort à moi même. Je vous puis assurer que tout le monde les a trouvés parfaitement ressemblents, je souhaiterais qu'ils vous pouvait contenter autant. Adieu, je suis, Monsieur mon Cousin,
Votre très affectionée Cousine
CHRISTINE.

Post Scriptum.
Je vous prie de prendre la peine d'assurer Mons:r votre père de mon affection et qu'il n'y a personne du monde qui l'honore avec plus de passion que moi. J'espère un jour d'en donner des marques évidentes de cette vérité. Adieu.
Stockholm le 3 October 1647.

English translation (my own):

My Cousin,
I am sending you enclosed in this letter two small portraits that I had promised you some time ago. I would have done it sooner if the laziness of my painter had not consented to it. I can assure you that everyone found them a perfect likeness, I wish they could please you so much. Goodbye, I am, my Cousin,
Kristina.

P. S.
I beg you to take the trouble to assure your father of my affection and that there is no one in the world who honours him with more passion than me. I hope one day to give clear marks of this truth. Farewell.
Stockholm, October 3, 1647.

King Kristina of Sweden's letter to Johan Adler Salvius, dated February 13, 1647

Sources:

Mémoires concernant Christine, volume 1, Johan Arckenholtz, 1751


Christina, queen of Sweden (1890), by Francis William Bain



Above: King Kristina of Sweden, painted by David Beck.


Above: Johan Adler Salvius, by Pieter de Jode II.

The letter:

Herr Hof Canzler.
Iag hafwer fått twänne Edra skrifwelser, hwilke mig mycket fägnat hafwa, och medan iag denna gången intet hafwer för tidens korthets skuld legenhet därpå at swara; beder fördenskuld at j på mina wägnar och på det aldra högste tacke Mons: d'Avaux för den stora och remarquable tienst, han mig har bewist, och giörer min enskyllan på det flitigaste, at Jag icke denna gången kan swara. Iag har så mycket at giöra, så at iag icke nog kan skrifwa. Iag hoppas at han aldrig lär twifla om min tacksamhet. Med nästa post skal iag intet manquera at complimentera honom. Hwad freds tractaten wedkommer, har iag optäkt Eder bägge min mening och resolution. Pousserer den saken som hon sig best giöra låter. Iag räds at iag lär få så mycket skaffa här hemma, så at iag wäl må tacka Gud at kunna få någorlunda en god fred. J förstån bättre än iag, quam arduum, quamque subjectum fortunæ regendi cuncta onus. Mera intet för denna gången, utan iag beder j wille skrifwa mig Edert råd, om jag skulle kunna benåda, utan min præjudice, Gref Magnus med Benfeld hälst ... låter ingen meniskia få weta däraf, men communicerer det sub fide silentii Comte d'Avaux, och låter Gref Gustafson icke häller få wetat. ...
Christina

English translation (from source 2):

Sir Court Chancellor,
I have received two letters from you which have pleased me greatly. I have not time to answer them as they deserve; accordingly, I beg you to thank M. D'Avaux for the essential service he has done me, and make my very particular excuses to him for not being able to write to him to-day. I have so much to do just now, that time is not sufficient for all my business. I hope he will never doubt my gratitude. I will not fail to thank him by the first courier. As to the Treaty of Peace, I have declared to both of you my opinion and my determination. Push matters on as best you can. I expect to have plenty to attend to here, so much so that I shall thank God if I am able to obtain, by hook or by crook, a good peace. You know better than me, quam arduum quamque subjectum fortunæ regendi cuncta onus! Nothing more at present; only this, please give me your advice as to whether I can, without prejudice to myself, gratify Count Magnus with Benfeld. ... don't tell anyone about this, but let M. D'Avaux know it, sub fide silentii; and don't say anything about it to the Graf Gustafson. ...
Kristina

The letter in full:

Herr Hof Canzler. Iag hafwer fått twänne Edra skrifwelser, hwilke mig mycket fägnat hafwa, och medan iag denna gången intet hafwer för tidens korthets skuld legenhet därpå at swara; beder fördenskuld at j på mina wägnar och på det aldra högste tacke Mons: d'Avaux för den stora och remarquable tienst, han mig har bewjst, och giörer min enskyllan på det flitigaste, at Jag icke denna gången kan swara. Iag har så mycket at giöra, så at iag icke nog kan skrifwa. Iag hoppas at han aldrig lär twifla om min tacksamhet. Med nästa post skal iag intet manquera at complimentera honom.

Hwad freds tractaten wedkommer, har iag optäkt Eder bägge min mening och resolution. Pousserer den saken som hon sig best giöra låter. Iag räds at iag lär få så mycket skaffa här hemma, så at iag wäl må tacka Gud at kunna få någorlunda en god fred. J förstån bättre än iag, quam arduum, quam subjectum fortunæ regendi cuncta onus. Mera intet för denna gången, utan iag beder j wille skrifwa mig Edert råd, om iag skulle kunna benåda, utan min præjudice, Gref Magnus med Benfeld hälst medan iag måste gå det qwitt med tractaten, och Iag är försäkrad om hans trohet mot mig mer än om någon ting i werlden. Han wet intet af detta, och jag wil icke at han häller skal få wetat förän jag hafwer intagit Eder mening, om det för allehande considerationer kan ske: och låter ingen meniskia få weta däraf, men communicerer det sub fide silentii Comte d'Avaux, och låter Gref Gustafson icke häller få wetat: härmed Gud befallandes förblifwer Eder altid nådigste
Christina.
Stockholm den 13. Febr. 1647.

English translation (my own):

Sir Court Chancellor,
I have received two of your letters, the content of which gave me great pleasure. This time I cannot answer them properly, because I am running out of time. This is why I ask you to thank on my part and in the best way Monsieur d'Avaux for the essential service he has rendered me and to apologise very expressly for that I cannot answer him today. I have so much to do at present that there is not enough time for all my occupations. I hope he will never doubt my gratitude. I will not fail by the first courrier to pay him my compliments.

Concerning the peace treaties, I have declared to you both my feeling and my resolution. Push things the best you can. I dread having a lot of occupations here, so much that I will give thanks to God if I can somehow obtain a good peace. You know better than I how the burden of governing all things is painful and subject to chance. I have nothing more to ask you this time. I beg you only to give me your good advice by telling me if I can, without prejudice, grant the Count Magnus of the seigniory of Benfeldt, especially if I have to cede it by the treaties. I am also more assured of his loyalty to me than anything else in the world. He doesn't do any of that, and I don't want him to be angry until I hear your feeling, if it can come from all kinds of considerations. Do not let anyone know anything about it, but communicate it to Monsieur d'Avaux under the faith of silence. Don't let Gustafson find out either. I recommend you to God, and I always remain your most gracious
Kristina.
Stockholm, February 13, 1647.

King Kristina of Sweden's letter to Johan Adler Salvius, dated September 4, 1647

Sources:

Mémoires concernant Christine, volume 1, Johan Arckenholtz, 1751


Christina, queen of Sweden (1890), by Francis William Bain



Above: King Kristina of Sweden, painted by David Beck.


Above: Johan Adler Salvius, by Pieter de Jode II.

The letter:

Herr Hof Cantzler.
Jag ser at nu mera freds Tractaten är så godt som helt stannad, och at alle man afwenta denne Campagnies utslag, twiflar intet med mindre j på Eder sida lära giöra eder yttersta flit, at bringa detta lång samma werket til endskap, det den högste Gud nådeligen förläne! ... Jag innesluter här hos et bref till Servien det honom med första må öfwersändas. Jag har intet kunnat med höflighet förbigå, at swara honom på sit bref, som för en tjd sedan han har skrifwit mig till. Jag wore den ohöfligaste på werlden, där iag låte det obeswaradt, medan han däri så högt offerarar sig til min avantage. Det är nödigt at J försäkrar honom om min affection och at iag håller god correspondence med honom; ty J måtte Considerera at han är hos Cardinalen Creatur. Jag wet wäl Fransosernes lag, at de mäst civile äro i complimenten, men genom civilité lappas intet, och man betalar dem med samma mått som de utmäta. Jag wet nog at det är lutter flatterie som de skrifwa och tala, ty mine meriter kan alle sådane lof-ord intet förtiena, doch finner iag mig obligerad at giöra civilité igen; caresserer då fordenskuld den ena och andra, temoignerandes altjd min affection, både mot drottningen, så wäl som mot Cardinalen; ty det är han som alt regerar, och måtte j fördenskuld giöra hans Creatur bonne mine. Iag beder j willie skaffa mig copian af detta hos gående bref, ty iag har henne intet sielf. ...
Christina

English translation (from source 2):

Sir Court Chancellor,
I see that the Treaty is in the same condition as if it had stopped, and that everybody is waiting for the end, nevertheless I hope that on your side you will use your utmost diligence to conclude this long business, which may the Almighty graciously accord. ... I enclose a letter for M. Servien, send it to him as soon as possible: civility compels me to answer his letter, otherwise I should be the rudest person in the world, since he offers himself so cordially to my service, and speaks too much in my favour in his quarter; thus it behoves me to assure him of my good will and keep up a good correspondence with him, for you must recollect he is a creature of the Cardinal. I know, too, the French ways, and that their manners consist chiefly in compliments; but one loses nothing by being civil, and one pays them in their own coin. The compliments that they and others make me are pure flattery, I do not deserve such praises; nevertheless I find myself obliged to return their civilities in kind, therefore be courteous to him and others; bear witness of my affection for the Queen, as well as for the Cardinal, for he it is that governs all, that is why you must faire bonne mine to his creatures. Please get me a copy of the enclosed, as I have none here. ...
Kristina

The letter in full:

Herr Hof Cantzler. Jag ser at nu mera freds Tractaten är så godt som helt stannad, och de alle man afwenta denne Campagnies utslag, twiflar intet med mindre j på Eder sida lära giöra eder yttersta flit, at bringa detta långsamma werket til endskap, det den högste Gud nådeligen förläne! Jag hafwer denne gång intet synnerlig at skrifwa, utan recommenderar eder på nytt de ärender, som Eder nogsamt kunnige är. Giörer eder flit at alt uträtta till mit contentement så mycket utan freds brått skie kan. Jag innesluter här hos et bref till Servien det honom med första må öfwersändas. Jag har intet kunnat med höflighet förbigå, at swara honom på sit bref, som för en tjd sedan han har skrifwit mig till. Jag wore den ohöfligaste på werlden, där iag låte det obeswaradt, medan han däri så högt offerarar sig til min avantage. Det är nödigt at J försäkrar honom om min affection och at iag håller god correspondence med honom; ty J måtte Considerera at han är hos Cardinalen Creatur. Jag wet wäl Fransosernes lag, at de mäst civile äro i complimenten, men genom civilité lappas intet, och man betalar dem med samma mått som de utmäta. Jag wet nog at det är lutter flatterie som de skrifwa och tala, ty mine meriter kan alle sådane lof-ord intet förtiena, doch finner iag mig obligerad at giöra civilité igen; caresserer då fordenskuld den ena och andra, temoignerandes altjd min affection, både mot drottningen, så wäl som mot Cardinalen; ty det är han som alt regerar, och måtte j fördenskuld giöra hans Creatur bonne mine. Iag beder j willie skaffa mig copian af detta hos gående bref, ty iag har henne intet sielf. Adieu. Försäkrar Eder om min nåd
Christina.

English translation (my own):

Sir Court Chancellor,
I see that the peace treaty is in the same state as if it had ceased, and that everyone is waiting for the outcome of the campaign. Nevertheless I hope that on your side you will use all possible care to put an end to this long work, which the Almighty wishes to grant by His grace!

I have nothing in particular to write for now, if not that I recommend you friends that you are known. Give your care and your attentions so that everything ends to my satisfaction, as much as the thing will be possible without breaking the peace.

I enclose here a letter for Mr. Servien. Send it to him instead. I cannot help responding out of civility to his letter; otherwise I would be the most uncivil in the world, because he offers himself so kindly to my service, and he also talks a lot, where he is to my advantage. So it is necessary that I assure him of my affection and that I maintain a good correspondence with him, because you must consider that he is the creature of the Cardinal. Besides, I am very familiar with the manners of the French, and that the greater part of their manners consist of compliments. However by civility nothing is lost, and one pays them with the same currency as they pay the others. The compliments they and others give me are pure flattery, and I do not deserve such praise.

However, I recognize myself obliged to return civilities for civilities. For this reason pet him and others too. Testify also the affection that I have for the Queen as well as for the Cardinal, for it is he who governs everything. This is why you must make his creatures look good. Please get me a copy of this included letter, as I don't have one here. Farewell, I assure you of my grace.
Kristina.

King Kristina of Sweden's letter to Johan Adler Salvius and Abel Servien, dated April 10, 1647

Sources:

Mémoires concernant Christine, volume 1, Johan Arckenholtz, 1751


Christina, queen of Sweden (1890), by Francis William Bain



Above: King Kristina of Sweden, painted by Sébastien Bourdon.


Above: Johan Adler Salvius, by Pieter de Jode II.


Above: Abel Servien, engraving by Anselm van Hulle.

The letter:

Messieurs. Desse få ord äro allenast adjousterade til mit publique bref, på det jag måtte uptäcka Eder med min egen hand den fruchtan jag hafwer, at den önskelige tractat, som alt härtil, har gifwit en så god förhoppning om et önskeligit utstag, genom någre orsaker som mig icke aldeles äre bekände, måtte blifwa studzad. Nu til at Eder om min wilja aldeles försäkra; så måge j Eder det wisserligen persuadera, at jag för alting åstundar en säker och honorable fred; Och emedan satisfactio Coronæ är redan aldeles sluten, och intet mera står igen än Soldateskens contentement och Riksens Ständers gravamina, så är det min wilje, at j hålla sakerne med godt maner gående, til des Erskein kan komma til Eder, och giöra Eder om sin commission kunnige, och då utan försummelse tractera wärket til en önskelig ända: giörandes Ständernes condition, Crononens satisfaction och soldateskens contentement det bästa sig giöra låter utan freds brott, och sedan icke längre solcka dermed, som härtils skedt är; där annorlunda sker, så måge j se til, huru j det in för Gud, Riksens Ständer och mig hafwa til at förswara: Ifrån denne scopum låter inga ambitieuse Menniskiors phantasier Eder movera, så kärt Eder är min högsta onåde at undwika, och der j icke hafwen lust at stå mig derföre blek och röder til swar: då må j wist tro at hwarken authoritet och slächters apuïs skal mig hindra at wisa Werlden det misshag Jag drager til oförnuftige procedurer; Ty Jag är nogsamt försäkrad, at der tractaten skulle gå swår, worde iag igenom edert försende brakt uti labyrint, der utur hwarken Edert eller deras (som sådane Consilia fovera) förstånd wore mig utur bringandes; derföre hafwe j Eder wäl at förese. ...

English translation (from source 2):

Gentlemen: I add these few words to my public despatch, to discover to you with my own hand the fear I entertain lest this treaty, so earnestly desired, and for whose happy conclusion we have till now had reason to hope, should be arrested by causes not yet sufficiently well known to me. Therefore, to let you perfectly understand my will, you must thoroughly persuade yourselves that before all things I desire a sure and honourable peace. And since the satisfactio coronæ is already determined, and there remain only those of the soldiers and the gravamina of the Estates of the Empire, I will that you keep matters in good course till Erskein arrives and communicates to you his commission. Then without any further dawdling you must bring the negotiations to a satisfactory conclusion by securing the best condition of the Estates, satisfaction of the Crown, and contentment of the soldiery that may be possible without breaking the peace — and no longer drag matters out as at present; otherwise, you will have to look to it how you will answer it before God, the Estates of the realm and me. Let not the phantasies of ambitious men turn you from your goal, unless you wish to incur my extreme disgrace and displeasure, and stand accountable to me blushing and blanching: you may be sure that in that case, no authority nor support of great houses shall hinder me from showing all the world the displeasure I feel at insensate procedure. I am convinced that if things go ill with the Treaty your errors will have placed me in a labyrinth, whence neither you, nor the brains of those who foment such plans, will ever draw me. Therefore it behoves you to look well to yourselves. ...

The manifesto in full:

Messieurs. Desse få ord äro allenast adjousterade til mit publique bref, på det jag måtte uptäcka Eder med min egen hand den fruchtan jag hafwer, at den önskelige tractat, som alt härtil, har gifwit en så god förhoppning om et önskeligit utslag, genom någre orsaker som mig icke aldeles äre bekände, måtte blifwa studzad. Nu til at Eder om min wilja aldeles försäkra; så måge j Eder det wisserligen persuadera, at jag för alting åstundar en säker och honorable fred; Och emedan satisfactio Coronæ är redan aldeles sluten, och intet mera står igen än Soldateskens contentement och Riksens Ständers gravamina, så är det min wilje, at j hålla sakerne med godt maner gående, til des Erskein kan komma til Eder, och giöra Eder om sin commission kunnige, och då utan försummelse tractera wärket til en önskelig ända: giörandes Ständernes condition, Crononens satisfaction och soldateskens contentement det bästa sig giöra låter utan freds brott, och sedan icke längre solcka dermed, som härtils skedt är; där annorlunda sker, så måge j se til, huru j det in för Gud, Riksens Ständer och mig hafwa til at förswara: Ifrån denne scopum låter inga ambitieuse Menniskiors phantasier Eder movera, så kärt Eder är min högsta onåde at undwika, och der j icke hafwen lust at stå mig derföre blek och röder til swar: då må j wist tro at hwarken authoritet och slächters apuïs skal mig hindra at wisa Werlden det misshag Jag drager til oförnuftige procedurer; Ty Jag är nogsamt försäkrad, at der tractaten skulle gå swår, worde iag genom edert försende brakt uti labyrint, der utur hwarken Edert eller deras (som sådane Consilia fovera) förstånd wore mig utur bringandes; derföre hafwe j Eder wäl at förese, hwarom Jag ock icke twiflar, men skrifwer detta allenast til underrättelse, och har til Eder försichtige conduite det nådigste förtroende, at näst Guds bistånd Jag förwäntar et godt utslag på denna långsamma fred. Der j uti alt detta bewisa Eder trohet, så wäl härefter, som härtils, så warde j aldeles Eder försäkrande, at j warde med Eder igenkomst finnandes mig Eder sampt och synnerligen altid wäl affectionerad.
Christina.
Stockholm den 10. April 1647.

English translation (my own):

Gentlemen, I add these few words to my public letter, only to reveal to you with my own hand the fear that I have that the longed-for treaty, of which we have so far been made to hope for a happy conclusion, may be stopped for reasons which are not yet well known to me. Now, so that you know perfectly my will, you must be entirely persuaded that I want for everything in the world a secure and honourable peace. And since the satisfaction of the Crown is already settled and that there is not only that of the military state and the clerks of the states of the Empire, I want you to run things smoothly until Erskein arrives, who will be part of his commission to you. It is then that, without further delay, you must lead the negotiation to a desirable end, by making the conditions of the Estates, the satisfaction of the Crown and that of the military state the best that can be done without breaking the peace, no longer dragging business along as has been done so far. If it is otherwise, it will be your business to see how you answer it before God, before the Estates of the Realm, and before me. Do not allow yourselves to be distracted from this goal by the imaginations of a few ambitious people, unless you want to incur my greatest disgrace and indignation and answer to me for it, blanching or blushing. You can count that then neither authority nor support from large families will prevent me from showing everyone the displeasure that I have of procedures destitute of reason. For I am sure that if the treaty goes badly, I will find myself, through your fault, in a labyrinth, from which neither you nor the mind of those who foment such plots, will not be able to remove me. That is why you must watch yourselves well. Neither do I doubt that you will, and I write this letter to you only as a warning, graciously relying on your far-sighted conduct, so that, with the assistance of divine goodness, I expect a happy conclusion of the peace so long desired. If in all this you continue to give me marks of your loyalty, you can be assured that when you return you both will find me, and at all times, your well affectionate
Kristina.
Stockholm, April 10, 1647.

King Kristina of Sweden's letter to Johan Adler Salvius, dated April 10, 1647

Sources:

Mémoires concernant Christine, volume 1, Johan Arckenholtz, 1751


Christina, queen of Sweden (1890), by Francis William Bain



Above: King Kristina of Sweden, painted by David Beck.


Above: Johan Adler Salvius, engraving by Pieter de Jode II.


Above: Count Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna, engraving by Anselm van Hulle.

With her/their manifesto of April 10, 1647, Kristina enclosed a letter for Johan Adler Salvius with the same date, in which she/they makes clear her/their displeasure toward Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna's son, Count Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna.

The letter:

Högtärade Heer Hof Cantzler.
... Ser iag af alle omständigheter wäl, at en part sökia at protrahera Tractaten, åtminstone där de icke alldeles den kunna renversera. ... iag skal wisa all werlden se, at icke heller R. C. förmår allena röra werlden med ett finger, Sapienti sat. Mit bref som härhos fogadt är til eder bägge, måtte j lefwerera åt G. J. O.; och ehuruwäl iag der utinnan tastar eder hårt an, så är han doch allena dermed ment. Lager så at d'Avaux får weta dess Contenta, på det at Fransosener icke fatta wrånge tanckar om mig, utan at de måtte se hwars skulden är. ... när Gud en gång hielper Eder med fred hem, skal edre giorde tienster med Senatoria dignitate recompenseras. J weta sielf at det är den högsta äran som en ärlig man kan aspirera til i wårt Fädernesland, och der såsom någon högre gradus honoris wore, skulle iag ingen sky draga eder den at conferera. Ehuruwäl det utan stor invidie intet lärer skie; men så må J säya; contemnunt novitatem meam, ego illorum ignaviam, mihi fortuna, illis probra objectantur, som Marius säger apud Salust. ... Gref Göstafson, ser Eder wäl före, hwad J denne senaste Communicere ... : Nec res magnæ sustineri possunt ob eo, cui tacere grave est. ...

Iag beder låter mig weta, hwad grimasser G. J. O. giör wid läsandet af mit bref til Eder begge.

English translation (from source 2):

Honoured Sir Court Chancellor,
From all circumstances, I see how a certain person, not being able entirely to break the Treaty, seeks to put it off. ... I will let all the world see that the C. [Chancellor (Oxenstierna)] cannot turn the whole world round his finger, sapienti sat. My letter herewith is addressed to both of you, give it immediately to G. J. O.; though I attack him and you equally in it, 'tis meant for him alone — let D'Avaux know the contents, that the French may not think ill of me, but see who is to blame. ... If by God's grace you come back here after the Peace, I will reward you Senatoriâ dignitate. You know it is in our country the highest honour to which an honest man can aspire — were there any higher gradus honoris I would not stick at conferring them upon you. But thought that cannot be without drawing on you many envious persons, you can say with Marius in Sallust — "contemnunt novitatem meam, ego illorum ignaviam, mihi fortuna, illis probra objectantur." ... as to Count Gustafson, look to it well what you let him know — "nec res magnæ sustineri possunt ob eo, cui tacere grave est."

P. S. — Mind you let me know what grimaces G. J. O. makes, on reading my letter to both of you.

The letter in full:

Högtärade Heer Hof Cantzler. Af åtskillige Edre skrifwelser har iag nogsamt förstått i hwad terminis sig freds Tractaten befinner, ser mer än wäl, eder giorde flit at afhielpa det långa, farliga och blodiga krig som nu en så lång tid hafwer trykt nästan hela Europam. Deremot ser iag af alle omständigheter wäl, at en part sökia at protrahera Tractaten, åtminstone där de icke alldeles den kunna renversera. Iag skal icke underlåta at recompensera med all nåde eder trohet och flit, och med det andra Partiet skal iag mig så ställa, at iag skal wisa all werlden, at skulden icke är hos mig, och skal låta werlden se, at icke heller R. C. förmår allena röra werlden med ett finger, Sapienti sat. Mit bref som härhos fogadt är til eder bägge, måtte j lefwerera åt G. J. O.; och ehuruwäl iag der utinnan tastar eder hårt an, så är han doch allena dermed ment. Lager så at d'Avaux får weta dess Contenta, på det at Fransosener icke fatta wrånge tanckar om mig, utan at de måtte se hwars skulden är. Jag sänder Erskein at om alt widlyftigare info[r]mera eder, om Soldatesquens contentement; iag har giordt däruti så mycket som har skie kunnat, twiflar intet at j härefter som härtill läre assistera wercket efter högste möyelighet, j måge aldeles wara försäkradt at iag skall hålla Eder skadeslös, och när Gud en gång hielper Eder med fred hem, skal edre giorde tienster med Senatoria dignitate recompenseras. J weta sielf at det är den högsta äran som en ärlig man kan aspirera til i wårt Fädernesland, och der såsom någon högre gradus honoris wore, skulle iag ingen sky draga eder den at conferera. Ehuruwäl det utan stor invidie intet lärer skie; men så må J säya; contemnunt novitatem meam, ego illorum ignaviam: mihi fortuna, illis probra objectantur, som Marius säger apud Salust: j det öfrige har iag den tilförsicht till Eder, at j med samma trohet drifwen werket, som j uti alle occasioner så berömligen hafwe altid temoigneradt; söker för alting at conservera mig en god opinion hos Fransoserne, på det at iag icke måtte niuta til ondo det som en part låta påskina emot den nationen. Iag hoppas at iag wisar i wercket huru iag är sinnad.

Gref Magni interesse recommenderar iag eder som om det wore mit. Där j kunne gifwa mig et consilium eller förslag, huru iag kunde beneficera honom med Benefeld, heller något annat ansenligit, wore det mig af hiertat kiärt. Iag skulle gierna donera honom Benefeld, men iag bär consideration at giörat för än iag har förstått eder mening. För alting håller detta secret, til dess iag får weta om det kan ta lag; han wet sielf intet deraf och mycket mindre Gref Göstafson. Ser Eder wäl före, hwad J denne senaste Communicere, Curtius säger: Nec res magnæ sustineri possunt ab eo, cui tacere grave est. Mais parlés à Monsieur le Comte d'Avaux de cette affaire. J'ose me promettre de sa courtoisie, qu'il ne fera jamais difficulté de rendre un si considerable office à un de ses plus affectionnés amis & serviteurs; ou plus tot je crois, qu'il ne trouvera pas mauvais, si je dis qu'en travaillant pour un ami qui lui est si acquis il me donne à moi une des plus signalées marques de son affection, que je lui demanderois jamais, & je vous prie, Monsieur, assurez le dit Monsieur d'Avaux de l'estime que j'ai pour sa personne & que les services particuliers, qu'il m'a rendus, me sont si considerables, que je mourrois de regrèt si je n'avois l'espérance de m'acquiter au moins d'une partie de ce qu'il a fait pour mon intérêt.

Jag slutar härmed och befaller eder Gud, med den förmaning, at j se wäl til, at Skymmelen intet skenar ofwer skacklan. Iag förblifwer Eder altjd wäl affectionerad.
Christine.
Stockholm den 10. April 1647.

Iag beder låter mig weta, hwad grimasser G. J. O. giör wid läsandet af mit bref til Eder begge.

English translation (my own):

Honoured Sir Court Chancellor,
I have learned enough from your various letters about the state of the peace negotiation. I can clearly see in this the care you take to end a war that is as long as it is dangerous and bloody, which afflicts and overwhelms almost all of Europe. I also see from all the circumstances that a certain party, not being able to overturn the treaties entirely, seeks at least to set them back, so I will not fail on the one hand to have regard by all kinds of graces to your faithful application, but on the other hand, I will behave with the opposite party in a manner that all the world will be able to notice that the fault was not on my side. I will also show the whole universe that the C. R. (the Chancellor of the Realm) is not at all capable of moving the world on his own with the tip of his finger: A word to the wise!

My enclosed letter is addressed to both of you and will deliver it immediately to C. J. O. (Count Johan Oxenstierna), and although I do touch on him as much as you, it is only of him that I claim to speak. Make sure that d'Avaux learns the content so that the French people have no bad opinion of me, but that they can see which side is in the wrong. I am sending Erskein to instruct you more fully on both soldiers' and officers' pay. In this I have done all that was possible for me here. I have no doubt that from now on you will also support this work with all your might, as you have done so far, and that you will be assured that I will recompense you. And if God grants you the grace to return with peace, I will reward your services with the dignity of senator. You yourself know that this is in our land the highest dignity to which an honest man can aspire, and if there were higher degrees of honour, I would not hesitate to elevate you there. And although this could not be done without attracting many envious people, you can nevertheless then say with Marius in Sallust: "They despise me because I am a new man, and I have contempt for them, because of the lazy life they lead, they blame me for what is only an effect of fortune, and I blame them for their own turpitude." Besides, I have this confidence in you that you will push this work with the same fidelity which you have testified on every occasion. Above all, try to keep me well in the minds of the French and to ensure that they have a good opinion of me, so that what a certain party makes appear against this nation may not do me harm. I promise myself that I will indeed make known the intention and the feelings that I have. I commend the interests of Count Magnus to you, as well as my own. If you wanted me to give your opinion to gratify him with Benfeldt or something else of consequence, you would do me a favour. I would gladly give Benfeldt to him, but I am having difficulty in doing so that I do not know beforehand your feeling. On all things, keep it a secret until I know if it can be done. He knows nothing of it himself, much less does Count Gustafsson. See in advance what you communicate to the latter. Quintus Curtius said, "He who cannot keep the secret is not fit for great affairs." But speak to Monsieur le Comte d'Avaux about this affair, I dare to promise myself with his courtesy that he will never make difficulty in rendering such a considerable office to one of his most affectionate friends and servants; or rather, I believe, that he will not find it bad if I say, that by working for a friend, who is so acquired to him, he gives me to me one of the most signal marks of his affection, which I would ever ask of him; and I beg you, Sir, assure the said Monsieur d'Avaux of the esteem I have for his person, and that the particular services he has rendered me are so considerable to me that I am dying of regret, if I did not have the hope of acquiring at least part of what he did for my interest.

I end here and I commend you to God, urging you to hold the bridle high to the stubborn horse, lest he jump over the drawbar. I remain your always affectionate
Kristina.
Stockholm, April 10, 1647.

Please let me know what grimaces C. J. O. will have made on reading my letter and the orders addressed to you two.