Saturday, January 30, 2021

Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg's letter to Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, dated April 1629

Source:

Historiska Samlingar, volume 4, 1812



Above: Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, queen consort of Sweden, painted after Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt.


Above: Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, painted by Jakob Heinrich Elbfas.

The letter:

Jhre Kgl. Maij:ttin an H. Reichs Cantzler Jhre Kgl. Maijtt von dero vorgenohmen reijsse abzumahnen. Dat. Stockholm Aprilis Anno 1629.

Vnssern gn. gruss &c. Wolgeb. herr lieber besonders &c., Das gutte vertrawen, so Wir in Ewre Persohn gesetzt, macht dass Wir keinen vmbgang nemen, Euch gnädigst zu erinnern, wie Ihr M:tt, Vnser hertzliebster Herr vndt Gemahl abermahl entschlossen, Sich in Persohn über die See zu machen, Jn was schmertzliche vnmuhte Vns aber solcher aufzug setze, habt Jhr, als deme die beyfolgende gefährligkeit guter massen bekant, leichtlich zu erachten. Gesinnen derwegen an Euch gnädig, Jhr wollet, so viel müglich, ein solches bey S. Kgl. M:tt, abzurathen, Euch Vnterthänigster trew angelegen sein lassen, Beschicht Vns zu sonders angenehmen gefallen, vndt Wir wollen, da Wir erlangen, dass Jhr May:tt in dero Reiche verpleiben, solches vmb Euch in aller gnade vnd gunsten zu erkennen kein gelegenheit verbey lassen, Euch hierüber, neben Ewer geliebt haussfrawen, die Wir beynebens fleissig gegrüsset haben wollen, Göttlicher obacht empfehlende &c.

Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg's letter for the inhabitants of Indal parish, dated June 2, 1631

Source:

Handlingar rörande Skandinaviens historia. Kronologiskt register, parts 1 to 2, page 168, Kungligt samfund för utgivande av handskrifter rörande Skandinaviens historia, 1816



Above: Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, queen consort of Sweden, artist unknown.

The letter:

Wij Maria Eleonora med Guds Nådhe, Sveriges, Göthes och Wändes Drottningh, Stoorfurstinna till Finlandh, Hertighinna uthi Estlandh och Carelen, Fru öfver Ingermanlandh, Boren af den Churfurstelighe Stamme Brandenburg, till Gylich, Clewe och Bergen Hertiginna. Göre vitterligit, att våre undersåtare menighe Man uthi Indaahls Prestegäldh, hafve igenom deres uthskickadhe oss underdånigst låthit præsentera ett H. Kongl. Maj:ts vår Ellskelige käre Herres och Gemåls breef, dem gifvidt att niuta friheet för uthskrifningen på 3 åhrs tijdh, efter de måste våre och Cronones Laxefijsken tijllbörligen vidh macht holla, och det intet uthan nödhtorftigh manshjelp göra kunne. Och efter de 3 åhren nu förlupne ähre, och de nu intet kunna sökia Högstb:te H. K. M:t om Prolongation efter H. K. M:t nu uthan Rijks stadder ähr, hafva de af oss ödmjukeligen begäradt, att wij dem på H. K. M:ts nådighe behag, och till H. K. M:ts lyckelige heemkompst i Rijket igen, uthskrifnings frijheeten prolongera, och dem för uthskrifningen fredkalla vele. Hvilken deres underdånige begäran, wi medh Nådher opptagit hafver, och be:te Indals Prestegäldh samma frijhett för uthskrifningen som de näst förledne 5 åhren haft hafve, på H. K. M:ts vägnar tillstå och efterlåthe. Och så snart Gud hjellper H. K. M:t heem i Rijket igen skole de yterligere besökia H. K. M:t här om, wij befale för den skuldh uthskrifnings-Commissarierne, jämväll och alle andre som med uthskrifningen någhot hafva att beställa att de låthe meerb:te Indaals boor alldeeles för denne nu näst tillstundande uthskrifningh omolesterade, och icke göre dem här emot qvaal hinder eller meen i någhon måtto. Der alle som detta vederkommer, hafve sigh fullkomligen att efter retta. Gifvit i Stockholm den 2 Junij åhr 1631.
MARIA ELEONORA.
Mpp.
(L. S.)

Princess Katarina of Sweden's letter to her husband Count Palatine Johan Kasimir, undated

Source:

Handlingar rörande Skandinaviens historia, volume 5, Elmen och Granberg, 1818



Above: Princess Katarina of Sweden, Countess Palatine consort, painted by Jakob Heinrich Elbfas.


Above: Count Palatine Johan Kasimir of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, painted by David Beck.

Katarina of Sweden (born November 10, 1584, died December 13, 1638) was a Swedish princess and Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken as the wife of her second cousin Johan Kasimir of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. She was the sister of King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, who was ten years younger than her. Katarina is known as the aunt and periodical foster mother to King Kristina of Sweden and the mother of King Karl X Gustav of Sweden.

The letter:

Hochgeborner Fürst freundtlicher hertz vilgelibter herr undt nechst gott mein bester schatz E. L. libes brifflein ist mir wol zukommen, hab darauss mitt frewden vernommen E. L. undt der kinder gesundt zusamen kunft, für welches ich den lib. gott dancke der die reiss so weitt mitt glück fort geholffen hatt, im bitten er wolle ferner mitt seinen liben engellen leit. dass ess auff allen seiten glücklich gehn möge, dass mein herzgen möchte gesundt verbleyben, undt ich im mitt samptt die kinder bey welstandt wider sehn möge, mir ist leit E. L. sindt wider mitt die flus im rücken geplagt bitt E. L. schot sich ia in dissen feuchten wetter, auff dass sie mögen gesundt verbleiben, solt aber wider verhoffen E. L. etwass mangeln so sick. E. L. ia die kinder nicht von sich, sundern lassen sie E. L. auffwarten, undt lassen mich bezeitten (beyzeiten) wissen E. L. zustandt den gott weiss wie mir zu müht würd wan ich solt wissen dass E. L. kranck wehren, undt ich mein devor nicht fehte E. L. auffzuwartten, ach gott gebe mir allezeit gutte zeitunge von E. L. undt die kinder, wass vns hie betrift so sindt ir m undt wir an deren gott lob bey zimlicher gesundtheit, wegen meine sucken undt fleck so engstigen E. L. sich nicht ich hoff gott wirdt ess wider bessern, ich hab angefangen meister balzar zu brauchen er hatt mir ein wasser geben dass streich ich auff, kan aber noch nich sagen ob ess hilfft den ich gestern erst angefangen habe, E. L. trew gemüht vnd vmbsorg tuh ich mich dinstlich bedancken, gott wirdt ess E. L. vergelten dass sie dero altes mütterlein so liben, wass sunst die hochzeit betrifft dass sie vorgangen ist, dass ist gutt, ess ist mir lib dass herr axell auch dagewessen, zweiwel nicht sein fraw mutter wirdt beschefftig gewesen sein im zu trachtiren, wirdt mich verlangen zu hören wie alles so statlich abgangen ist, ess ist mir leit dass E. L. nicht haben können zu der ander hochzeit kommen, die gutte leut werden ess wol gehofft haben, den wie ich seh so ziehn von hir niment dahin sie spüren nun auch ire freundt, wegen Carls Gustaff reiss wil ich sparen biss zu E. L. ob gott wil glücklich ankunfft da von zu rehden, wan ess gesicht diss oder die ander reiss so wünsch ich mitt E. L. dass ess zu glücklicher stundt gesehn möge dass wir hir nachmals mögen frewd an den buben erleben ich hab ir m. die Königin ein wenig meldung gethan, dass wan ich wüste dass ess ir m gefille so solten die kinder ir m in pasant auffwartten, wil nu sehn ob ich antwort bekomme, ir m vndt ich haben sindt sie verreist kein einzig handtschreiben von ir m bekommen, die dag haben ir m durch den schreiber in iren namen lass an ir m schreiben vndt begert 500 ehlen damasch zu ir neus schlaffcamer, weiss nicht ob sie ess bekombt, man wundert sich hie wehr ir m dass angibt der stathalter vnd pens sindt nicht recht mit ein ander, ir m haben den tobbias zum hoff camerirer wider angenommen da ist pose vbel mitt zu friden, wil E. L. mehr berichten ob gott wil wan E. L. kommen, H. L. herr wegen die kaufleut hette ich wollgehofft E. L. mit disser post alrichtigkeit zu schreiben, aber die herren willen nu nicht gern ir zusag halten durch wechsell bezalt zu sein sundern meinen ir alles zu bekommen, mir düncht weil unser eigene wissen dass ich gelt hab, so haben sie so gehandt aber ess sol doch nicht angehn, gott lob ich hoff meister Carl hilfft mir zu recht dass sie eins theils gelt bey E. L. nemen, hab sindt nicht mehr genome. als dieser sedel laut, vndt ich haben noch nichts können bekommen, von die rede vndt auch silber gelt wil ich wo müglich nicht angreiffen eh E. L. kom. mit meister hans wil ich ob gott wil vmb wenig E. L. alles richtig schreiben, E. L. halten sich nur zu mein sedel, ich hette im wol eh gesickt aber er muss dabey sein weil er alles genommen hatt von die kaufleut, dass wan er weg zöge sie villeicht nicht ander bericht testen, gott behütt E. L. mir macht men balt den kop tol wan ich mich nicht hette so wüste ich itz kein raht, nu seh ich wass vngemach E. L. haben, gott stercke E. L. mir zu trost E. L. machen sich ein alla mode rock gefüttert man fencht ess hie so zu tragen, nu in eil kan ich nicht mehr, beffel, E. L. gott dem allmectigen gott helffe vns mitt frewden wider zusamen, ich bin E. L.
getrew dinstwillig gemahlin biss im tot.
CATARINA Pr.

ir m lassen E. L. freundtlich gruss.

Utanskriften:
An ir L. mein hertz.

Swedish translation:

Högborne Furste hjertans käre högtälskade Herre och näst Gud min bästa skatt. Eders Kärlighets kära bref har jag väl bekommit och har deraf med glädje förnummit att E. K. och barnen med hälsa sammankommit, hvarföre jag tackar den kära Guden, som så vida med lycka forthulpit resan, bedjande honom att han ville vidare med sina kära Änglar ledsaga att det på alla sidor må gå lyckligt, att mitt hjerta måtte förblifva vid hälsan, och att jag må återse honom jemte barnen i godt tillstånd. Det gör mig ondt att E. K. är åter plågad med fluss i ryggen, och beder att E. K. må vårda sig i denna fuktiga väderlek, att han måtte förblifva frisk, men skulle emot förmodan någon ting fela E. K. så skicke E. K. icke barnen ifrån sig, utan låte dem uppvakta E. K., och låte mig i tid veta E. K:s tillstånd, ty Gud vet huru jag skulle vara till mods om jag skulle veta att E. K. vore sjuk, och jag icke gjorde min skyldighet att uppvakta E. K. Ack Gud gifve mig alltid goda tidningar från E. K. och barnen. Hvad oss här beträffar så är Hans M. och vi, Gudi lof, vid temlig hälsa, i anseende till min sjukdom och fläckar, så oroe E. K. sig icke, jag hoppas Gud skall åter hjelpa det; Jag har börjat nyttja Mäster Balzar, han har gifvit mig ett vatten som jag stryker på, men kan ännu icke säga om det hjelper, ty jag började först i går. För E. K:s trogna sinne och omsorg tackar jag tjenstfärdigt, Gud skall vedergälla E. K. att han så älskar sin gamla moder. Hvad eljest brölloppet angår är det väl att det är förbi, det är mig kärt att Her Axel äfven varit der och tviflar icke att hans frumoder har varit sysselsatt att traktera honom. Jag längtar att höra huru ståtligit allt har aflupit[.] Det är beklagligt att E. K. icke kunnat komma till det andra brölloppet; de goda menniskorna hafva väl hoppats det, ty som jag ser reser ingen härifrån dit, de finna också nu hvilka som äro deras vänner. Angående Carl Gustafs resa vill jag vänta att tala derom, tills E. K. om Gud vill lyckligen hitkommer, om den sker, denna eller den andra resan, så önskar jag med E. K. att den må ske i en lycklig stund att vi framdeles måge hafva glädje af den gossen. Jag har låtit H. M. Drottningen något förstå, att om jag visste att det behagade H. M. så skulle barnen en passant uppvakta H. M., får nu se om jag får svar. Sedan H. M. reste har H. M. och jag icke fått något enda bref från honom. Härom dagen har H. M. genom skrifvaren låtit i sitt namn skrifva till H. M. och begärt 500 alnar damast till hennes nya sängkammare, jag vet icke om hon får det. Man undrar här hvem H. M. anmodar derom. Ståthållaren och Pens äro icke rätt ense; H. M. har åter antagit Tobias till Hofkamrerare, dermed är Poseilla tillfreds. Jag skall berätta E. K. mer om Gud vill när E. K. kommer. Hjertans käre Herre, i anseende till Köpmännerna hade jag väl hoppats med denna post kunna skrifva E. K. till att allt vore rigtigt, men de Herrarne vilja nu icke gerna hålla hvad de lofvat att genom vexel bli betalte, utan mena att få allt sitt; jag tror att emedan våra egna veta att jag har penningar, hafva de handlat så, men det skall ändå icke gå an, Gudi lof jag hoppas Mäster Carl hjelper mig till rätta att de få taga en del penningar hos E. K. Hafva de icke tagit mer än denna sedel lyder och löper så kan E. K. och jag ännu icke hafva fått något. Af det redbara och äfven Silfvermynt vill jag om möjligt är ingenting tillgripa innan E. K. kommer. Med Mäster Hans vill jag, om Gud vill, innan korrt skrifva till E. K. rigtigt om allt. E. K. hålle sig blott till min sedel, jag hade väl förr skickat honom, men han måste vara tillstädes emedan han har tagit allt af Köpmännerna, så att om han reste bort de kanske intet annat berättade. Gud bevare E. K. mig gör man yr i hufvudet, om jag icke hade min älskade, så viste jag nu intet råd. Nu ser jag huru mycket omak E. K. har, Gud styrke E. K. mig till tröst. E. K. låte göra sig en modern fordrad rock, man plägar nyttja sådane här, nu kan jag i hastighet icke mer, befaller E. K. Gud den Allsmäktige. Gud hjelpe oss med glädje åter tillsammans.
Jag är
E. K.
trogna, tjenstvilliga
Gemål ända in i döden.

H. M. låter vänligen hälsa E. K.

Utanskriften:
Till Hans K. mitt hjerta.

Thursday, January 28, 2021

Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg's letter to Countess Ebba Brahe, dated January 15, 1634

Source:

Handlingar rörande Skandinaviens historia. Kronologiskt register öfver de första 20 delarne, upprättade af B. E. Hildebrand. Alphabetiskt register öfver delarne 1-40, Parts 13-14, Kungligt samfund för utgivande av handskrifter rörande Skandinaviens historia, 1839



Above: Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, queen consort of Sweden, artist unknown.


Above: Countess Ebba Brahe, artist unknown.

Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg (born November 11, 1599, died March 28, 1655) was a German princess and Queen of Sweden as the consort of King Gustav II Adolph (Gustavus Adolphus).

She was a daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and Anna, Duchess of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia.

In 1620, Maria Eleonora married Gustavus Adolphus with her mother's consent, but against the will of her brother George William, Elector of Brandenburg, who had just succeeded her father. She bore her husband a daughter, Christina in 1626.

The letter:

Hertz Allerliebste Frau Gräffwin. Jch bedanke mich Euren, euch, auff das höchste, dass ihr mir solch ein schön Nachtduch geschiecket, und dauert mir nichts mehr, alls dass ich euch nicht wieder hab zu schiecken, dan hier ein schlechter ort ist, dannen nichtes zu bekommen weis, bitt ihr wolet euch so lange gedulden, biss ich ein mahl seiner Königlichen Maij:tt Conterfey lebends Gross, oder klein kan fertig bekommen, so will ich euch mein Conterfey darneben lassen mahlen, welches ich euch zum gedechtniss wieder schiecken will; Hertzens Gräfwin, wie hertzlich leid ist mir's, dass ich des Königes Conterfey nicht gepfunden, dan ich höre, dass es so sehr gleich soll gewesen seyn, ich bedancke mich auch gegen euch gantz Gnädigst, dass ihr euch so hoch anerbiettet dass ihr mir noch fehrner wollet treuh erweisen, biss an eure todtesstunde, welches ich euch da auch wieder vergelten soll, so lang ich lebe, bitt derswegen helfft doch itzo in meinen bewusten Sorgen, damitt es baldt zu ein gewünschten ende kommen möge, dan ich lass mir nichtes nehmen, es komme, wie es wolle. Hertzens Gräffwin grüsset doch Euren Herren, und wünschet ihm ein glückseehliges Neuhes Jahr, wormitt ich schliese euch Gottes schutz, gantz treuhligen empfehle. Datum Neikeping den 15 Januarij 1634.
E. G. Königin,
so lang ich lebe
MARIA ELEONORA Mp.

Sunday, January 24, 2021

Kristina Leijonhufvud's letter to Marie Horn, dated April 28, 1773

A letter from my work-in-progress original historical fiction story, Evening Star, written as half-autobiography, half-epistolary novel format from the point of view of Marie Horn.


The letter:

Min goda Marie,
Jag tackar Eder för Edert obligeanta och mycket interessanta bref, och jag gerna upfyller Eder begeran. Jag säger at Johans begripande af Latin är lika godt som Eder, och at I werkligen ären orädd, det ser jag nu. Jag hoppas at I njuten af Sophies besök, och jag försäkrar Eder at jag börjar instruera Eder på Finska från och med mit nästa bref. Genom at känna Eder kommen I sannolikt at förwåna mig med Eder flit och Edert quicka sinne. Jag är och förblifwer
Eder mycket goda Wän (Ystäwänne)
Christina.
Stockholm den 29. April 1773.

English translation:

My good Marie,
I thank you for your obliging and highly interesting letter, and I will gladly grant your request. I say that Johan's grasp of Latin is as good as yours, and that you are truly fearless, I see that now. I hope that you are enjoying Sophie's visit, and I assure you that I'll begin instructing you in Finnish starting with my next letter. Knowing you, you will likely astonish me with your diligence and your quick mind. I am and remain
Your very good friend (ystävänne)
Kristina.
Stockholm, April 29, 1773.

Marie Horn's letter to Kristina Leijonhufvud, dated April 28, 1773 (FICTIONAL)

A letter from my work-in-progress original historical fiction story, Evening Star, written as half-autobiography, half-epistolary novel format from the point of view of Marie Horn.


The letter:

Min kära Christina,
Tanken har i dag plötsligt kommit in i mit hufwud: kanske I wiljen gjerna lära mig Edert Finska språk. Jag förstår at det har reputationen at wara et af werldens swåraste Språk, men jag är allaredo oenig: ty, ſom I weten, har jag redan lärt mig Latin, och det war det swåraste språket jag någonsin har lärt mig. Oundwikeligen lärde Johan sig lite Latin af mig, men han har aldrig gjort så mycken progress som jag har gjort. Denna plötseliga Caprice (äfwen om den är mycket dugelig) är inte af en slump. Jag måste calmera mig för at inte continuerligen tänka på i morgon. Förstån I, jag har bjudit in Sophie at komma hos oß i morgon, och i wår quicka Correspondence har hon berättat at hon ofta kläder sig i Manskläder, och eftersom wi hafwe beslutat at öfwerraska Johan med det factum (han kommer ej at läsa detta bref), det måste hålla sig hemligen tils hon afslöjar det för honom under sit besök. Sophie och jag äro wäldigt impatientes at se hwarandra igjen, det kunnen I knappast föreställa Eder, och derföre måste jag calmera mig. Jag har aldrig warit så impatiente i mit lif, jag behöfwer en god distraction. Jag hoppas at detta bref finner Eder wid god helsa och at I kommen at conſiderera min begäran. Och i förwäg afslutar jag detta bref med det enda Finska ordet ſom à préſent finns i mit vocabulario (!): kijtos!
Eder goda Wän
Marie.
Stockholm den 28. April 1773.

English translation:

My dear Kristina,
The thought has today suddenly entered my head: perhaps you might like to teach me your Finnish language. I understand that it has the reputation of being one of the world's most difficult languages, but I already disagree; for, as you know, I have already taught myself Latin, and that was the most difficult language I have ever learned. Inevitably Johan learned some Latin from me, but he never had as much progress as I have made. This sudden whim (though it is very useful) is not coincidental. I have to calm myself so as to not to constantly think about tomorrow. You see, I have invited Sophie to visit us tomorrow, and in our quick correspondence she has told me that she often dresses in men's clothes, and because we have decided to surprise Johan with that fact (he will not read this letter), it has to stay a secret until she reveals it to him during her visit. Sophie and I are very impatient to see each other again, you can hardly imagine it, and so I have to calm myself. I've never been so impatient in my life, I need a good distraction. I hope that this letter finds you in good health and that you will consider my request; and in advance, I end this letter with the only Finnish word currently in my vocabulario (!): kiitos!
Your good friend,
Marie.
Stockholm, April 28, 1773.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated June 16, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Henry Collen.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, painted by Sir George Hayter.

The letter:

16th June 1837.
MY BELOVED UNCLE, — ... I cannot say how happy I am that the entrée publique into Paris succeeded so well, and that the dear King was so well received; I trust he will now at last be rewarded for all the troubles and anxiety he has had ever since 1830. Lord Palmerston said that the French say that l'assassinat est hors de mode. I hope and trust in Heaven that this may be the case, and for ever!

You know, of course, dear Uncle, how very ill the King is; it may all be over at any moment, and yet may last a few days. Consequently, we have not been out anywhere in public since Tuesday, 6th, and since Wednesday all my lessons are stopped, as the news may arrive very suddenly. ...

Notes: entrée publique = public entry.

l'assassinat est hors de mode = assassination is out of fashion.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated May 26, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Sir George Hayter.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, painted by William John Newton.

The letter:

26th May 1837.
... The demonstrations of affection and kindness from all sides towards me on my birthday, were most gratifying. The parks and streets were crowded all day as though something very extraordinary had happened. Yesterday I received twenty-two Addresses from various places, all very pretty and loyal; one in particular was very well written which was presented by Mr. Attwood from the Political Union at Birmingham.

I was delighted to hear Stockmar is at length arrived; he reached London on Wednesday, and we shall see him to-day.

How distressed I am that poor dear Ernest has been so ill! Thank God! that he is now better.

The Spanish affairs have turned out better than you had expected; the triumphant capture of Irun was a great thing for the Christinos.

The King is much better.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated May 9, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Henry Collen.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, painted by Sir George Hayter.

The letter:

9th May 1837.
MY DEAREST UNCLE, — It was very kind of you to write to from your new château; I hardly ventured to hope for my usual letter, and yet I should have been much disappointed had I not received it. I am sorry that the house is so bad, but hope you will have found a good position for a new one. ...

Pray, dearest Uncle, may I ask such an indiscreet question as, if Major Stroekens is a clever man; he was so nervous and embarrassed when he came here, that I could not make him out. He brought me a very nice letter from Donna Maria.

I am anxiously waiting to hear the issue of the battle between the Carlists and Christinos, which is, they say, to decide a great deal.

Now farewell, dearest Uncle. I beg my affectionate love to my dear Aunt, and my most respectful hommages to the Members of the Family with you. Believe me, always, your affectionate Niece,
VICTORIA.

Old Pozzo dined here last Wednesday, and he gave me a long, I must say clever, dissertation about the state of France, during dinner-time.

Note: Old Pozzo = Count Pozzo di Borgo, the Russian ambassador. By birth a Corsican and a devoted patriot, he was a lifelong opponent of Napoleon and his designs. He entered the Russian diplomatic service in 1803, and after Waterloo became Russian ambassador in Paris. He was ambassador in London for two years, when his health gave way.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated May 2, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Sir George Hayter.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, lithograph by Luigi Calamatta.

The letter:

2nd May 1837.
... You may depend upon it that I shall profit by your excellent advice respecting Politics. Pray, dear Uncle, have you read Lord Palmerston's speech concerning the Spanish affairs, which he delivered the night of the division on Sir Henry Hardinge's motion? It is much admired. The Irish Tithes question came on last night in the House of Commons, and I am very anxious for the morning papers, to see what has been done. Lord Melbourne looks remarkably well, Lord Palmerston not very well, and as for poor little Lord John Russell, he is only a shadow of himself. It must be dreadfully fagging work for them; they sit so very late too, for when the Spanish question came on, the division only took place at four o'clock in the morning, and I saw them at the Drawing-Room the same day afterwards. ...

Note: fagging = arduous, tiresome

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated April 28, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, artist unknown.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, lithograph by Luigi Calamatta.

The letter:

28th April 1837.
MY MOST BELOVED UNCLE, — .... Sir Henry Hardinge's motion was quite lost, I am happy to say, and don't you think, dearest Uncle, that it has almost done good, as it proves that the Tories have lost all chance of getting in? It was a trial of strength, and the Ministry have triumphed. I have been reading in the papers, what I suppose you already know, that it is believed that the Lords will pass the Irish Corporation Bill; and also that Ministers mean to drop for the present the question about Church Rates, as the Radicals, being angry with Ministers relative to the Canada business, would not support them well.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated April 12, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, lithograph by Francis William Wilkin.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, drawn by Sir George Hayter.

The letter:

12th April 1837.
... What you say about the newspapers is very true and very flattering. They are indeed a curious compound of truth and untruth. I am so used to newspaper nonsense and attacks that I do not mind it in the least. ...

How happy I am that that beloved Aunt is going on so well and does not suffer from the cold, as also the jeune Philippe. Leopold must be great fun with his Aunt Marie; does he still say "pas beau frère!" or is he more reconciled to his brother? It is very noble in the Duc de Nemours to have thus given up his apanage; I am sorry there were such difficulties about it. There is no Ministry formed yet, I see by the papers.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated March 14, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Sir George Hayter.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, drawn by Sir George Hayter.

The letter:

14th March 1837.
... We had a dinner on Saturday which amused me, as I am very fond of pleasant society, and we have been for these last three weeks immured within our old palace, and I longed sadly for some gaiety. After being so very long in the country I was preparing to go out in right earnest, whereas I have only been twice to the play since our return, which is marvellous! However, we are to have another dinner to-morrow, and are going to the play and Opera. After Easter I trust I shall make ample amends for all this solitariness. I hope to begin singing with Lablache shortly after Easter. But to return to last Saturday's dinner. We had the Archbishop of Dublin, a clever but singular man, and his lady; Lord Palmerston, with whom I had much pleasant and amusing conversation after dinner — you know how agreeable he is; then Lady Cadogan, who enquired much after you and Aunt Louise; Lord and Lady Rosebery, Mr and Mrs E. Stanley, Lord Morpeth, Lord Templetown, Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Dr Lushington, and Mr Woulfe, the Solicitor-General for Ireland, a Roman Catholic and a very clever man. Lady Cadogan, who is not long come back from Paris, says that the Duke of Orleans has been going out very little and is remarkably well. I saw a report in the papers that he and the Duc de Nemours were coming over here, which I fear is not true; I wish it was. ...

There is one thing in your former letter which I must answer, or, rather, more advert to. You said to me, that if it was not for me, you would regret Greece very much. Now, I assure you, dearest uncle, you ought not to regret it, though there is not a doubt that Greece would be much happier were you there. But I have heard from various people who have been staying in Greece that they very soon got to like the Turks much better than the Greeks, who are very untrue, and are quite banditti-like; then, again, the country, though undoubtedly fine in parts, is a rocky and barren country, and also you are constantly exposed to the effects of the Plague, that most dreadful of all evils; and then, lastly, how very, very far you would be, how cut off from all those who are dear to you, and how exposed to dangers of all kinds!

I much grieve that they are quarrelling so much in the French Chambers. I must now conclude.

Friday, January 15, 2021

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated February 6, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, painted by Henry Collen.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, painted by Sir George Hayter.


Above: Prince Ernest of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, lithograph by Royal de Lithographie à Bruxelles.


Above: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, lithograph by Royal de Lithographie à Bruxelles.


Above: Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, queen of Spain, painted by Vicente López Portaña.


Above: Queen Isabel II of Spain, painted by Carlos Luis de Ribera y Fieve.

The letter:

CLAREMONT, 6th February 1837.
MY BELOVED UNCLE, — ... I do not know quite for certain when we leave this place, but I should think to-day week. You must be pleased, dear Uncle, I think, for we shall have been six months in the country next Thursday, as we left town on the 10th of August last, and I am sure you will stand by me for my having my season fully, as you may understand that my Operatic and Terpsichorean feelings are pretty strong, now that the season is returning, and I have been a very good child, not even wishing to come to town till now. We shall certainly come here for the Easter week.

Dr Clark arrived here quite happy last night, bringing the news that Van de Weyer had had the best news from Lisbon he had received since his return, that all had gone off quietly, that Ferdinand was daily gaining popularity, and that both he and the Queen had been very well received at the theatre. The man who threw a stone at Ferdinand was a Frenchman, whom, it seems, Ferdinand had relieved with money over and over again. A fine specimen of gratitude!

I hope and trust with you that there will be less violence in Parliament this year, but much is to be feared.

You will miss my good cousins Ernest and Albert very much, I am sure; I hope you will instil into them to take enough exercise and not to study too much.

There were two questions in my last letter but one, which you have not answered, dear Uncle. They are: 1st, What you think of the Queen Christina of Spain, what opinion you have of her, as one cannot believe reports? 2nd, If you know what sort of people are about poor little Queen Isabel, and if she is being well or ill brought up? ...

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated January 30, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, lithograph by Francis William Wilkin.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, lithograph by Luigi Calamatta.

The letter:

CLAREMONT, 30th January 1837.
MY DEAREST UNCLE, — ... I am very sorry that the Portuguese news are still so very unfavourable; I trust that, in time, things will come right. The Portuguese are, as you say, a most inconceivable set of selfish politicians.

Our friend, Mr. Hume, made a most violent speech at a dinner given to him and old George Byng at Drury Lane last week. He called Sir R. Peel and some other Tories "the cloven foot," which I think rather strong. I think that great violence and striving such a pity, on both sides, don't you, dear Uncle? They irritate one another so uselessly by calling one another fools, blockheads, liars, and so forth for no purpose. I think violence so bad in everything. They should imitate you, and be calm, for you have had, God knows! enough cause for irritation from your worthy Dutch neighbours and others. You will, I fear, laugh at my politics, but I like telling you my feelings, for you alone can put me right on such subjects.

Princess Victoria of Kent's letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, dated January 23, 1837

Source:

The letters of Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1831 and 1861: published by authority of His Majesty the King, edited by Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher, 1907



Above: Princess Victoria of Kent, future Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, artist unknown.


Above: Leopold, King of the Belgians, lithograph by Luigi Calamatta.

The letter:

23rd January 1837.
MY DEAREST UNCLE, — ... The affairs of the Peninsula are indeed very distressing, and what you tell me in your letter of the 20th, as also in the former one, is highly interesting and, alas! but too true. I trust, notwithstanding what you say, I may yet live to see Spain and Portugal settled. But I greatly fear that the time is far distant.

Do you know Mendizabal? I saw him at our house in 1835. Alava presented him to us; he is a tall, dark, fine, and clever-looking man. I remember his being so much struck with my likeness to Donna Maria, which I was not aware was the case. Pray, dear Uncle, may I ask you a silly question? — is not the Queen of Spain rather clever? You know her, and what do you think of her? And do you know what sort of people are about poor little Queen Isabel? Poor, good Donna Maria! I feel much for her; her education was one of the worst that could be. As long as those Ficalhos and Melos remain about her, nothing can be done. Could they not be got rid of in time?

I was sorry to see that the French Chambers were rather stormy.

I thank you much for the list of the ball of the 18th, which must have been very splendid. The last ball I was at was our own, and I concluded that very ball at half-past three in the morning with a country dance, Albert being my partner.

Pray, dear Uncle, tell both young gentlemen, with my kindest love, that I often think of that night and of many other pleasant evenings we passed together. The singing will come all in time. Who is their singing-master? I wish they had my worthy Lablache. I sing regularly every evening, as I think it better to do so every day to keep the voice manageable. Oh, my beloved Uncle, could you join us, how delightful that would be! How I should delight in singing with you all our favourite things from La Gazza, Otello, Il Barbiere, etc., etc.

The little Cousin must be a little love; oh, could I but see him and play with him! Pray, dear Uncle, does he know such a thing as that he has got an Aunt and Cousin on the other side of the water? ...

Pray, dear Uncle, have you read Sir R. Peel's two speeches? I wish you would, and give me your opinion of them.

Notes: Mendizabal = Don Juan Alvarez y Mendizabal, a Spanish politician and financier.

Alava = Miguel Ricardo di Alava, Spanish general.

Empress Catherine the Great's manifesto about her coronation, dated July 7, 1762

Source:



Above: Catherine the Great, Empress regnant of Russia and formerly Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, artist unknown.

Catherine II, née Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst (born April 21/May 2, 1729, died November 6/7, 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was Empress of all Russia from 1762 until her death in 1796 — the country's longest-ruling female leader. She came to power following a coup d'état that overthrew her husband and second cousin, Tsar Peter III, whose subsequent assassination she is believed to have orchestrated. Under Catherine's reign, Russia grew larger, its culture was revitalised, and it became recognised as one of the great powers worldwide.

In her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Samuel Greig and Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Bar confederation and Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768 to 1774 due to the support of the United Kingdom, and Russia colonised the territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, King Stanisław August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.

Catherine reformed the administration of Russian guberniyas (governorates), and many new cities and towns were founded on her orders. An admirer of Tsar Peter the Great, Catherine continued to modernise Russia after the model of Western European lines. However, military conscription and the economy continued to depend on serfdom, and the increasing demands of the state and of private landowners intensified the exploitation of serf labour. This was one of the chief reasons behind rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev Rebellion of Cossacks, nomads, peoples of the Volga, and peasants.

The period of Catherine's rule, the Catherinian Era, is considered a Golden Age of Russia. The Manifesto on Freedom of the Nobility, issued during the brief reign of Peter III and confirmed by Catherine, freed Russian nobles from compulsory military or state service. Construction of many mansions of the nobility, in the classical style endorsed by the Empress, changed the face of the country. Catherine enthusiastically supported and promoted the ideals of the Enlightenment and is often included in the ranks of the enlightened despots. As a patron of the arts, she presided over the age of the Russian Enlightenment, including the establishment of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens, the first state-financed higher education institute for women in Europe.

"Simultaneously with the manifesto on the death of Peter III, on July 7, a manifesto on the upcoming coronation of the new Empress was promulgated. throne, but that she is forced to do so according to the knowledge of God and under the threat of responsibility in the future 'before his terrible judgment.' Catherine II was to free the Motherland from danger 'without any bloodshed.' At the end of the manifesto, the date of the coronation in Moscow was set in September.

To prepare for the celebration, a coronation commission was formed, headed by Field Marshal General, President of the Military Collegium N. I. Trubetskoy. In Moscow, in a short time, it was necessary to build four triumphal arches, prepare the Faceted Chamber for receiving guests, put in order the regalia, and make a large crown."

The manifesto:

БОЖІЕЮ МИЛОСТІЮ
МЫ ЕКАТЕРИНА ВТОРАЯ,
Императрица и Самодержица Всероссійская,
И ПРОЧАЯ, И ПРОЧАЯ И ПРОЧАЯ.
объявляемъ всѣмъ НАШИМЪ вѣрнымъ подданнымъ, духовнымъ, военнымъ и гражданскимъ.

Публикованнымъ отъ 28 числа прошедшаго Іюня, НАШИМЪ краткимъ манифестомъ объявлено: Какія вины были, которыхъ ради вступили МЫ на ИМПЕРАТОРСКІЙ НАШЪ Всероссійскій Престолъ, весь свѣтъ и ивъ того уже ясно усмотреть могъ; что ревность къ благочестію, любовь къ НАШЕМУ Россійскому Отечеству; а притомъ усердное всѣхъ НАШИХЪ вѣрноподданныхъ желаніе видѣть НАСЪ на ономъ Престолѣ, и чревъ НАСЪ получить избавленіе отъ приключившихся, а большихъ еще слѣдовавшихъ Россійскому Отечеству опасностей понудили НАСЪ къ тому, и МЫ САМИ не могли не имѣшь на совѣсти НАШЕЙ праведнаго страха, что есть ли бы за благовремянно не исполнили того, чего отъ НАСЪ самая должность въ разсужденіи Бога, Его Церькви и вѣры Святой требовала, то бы предъ страшнымъ Его судомъ отвѣчать за сіе принуждены были: для чего Онъ Всевышній Богъ, который владѣетъ Царствомъ, и кому хочетъ даетъ Его, видя правѣдное и благочестивое оное НАШЕ намѣреніе самымъ дѣломъ, такъ оное благословилъ что МЫ воспріяли Самодержавно НАШЪ Престолъ, и освободили отъ помянутыхъ опасностей НАШЕ Отечество безъ всякаго кровопролитія, и имѣли удовольствіе видѣть, съ какою любовью, радостью и благодареніемъ, оной о НАСЪ божій промыселъ всѣ вѣрноподданные НАШИ приняли, и съ какимъ усердіемъ торжественную НАМЪ въ вѣрности, о которой МЫ и прежде сего совершенно увѣрены были, учинили присягу; въ слѣдствіе того, дабы МЫ предъ Богомъ за всѣсильную Его дарованную НАМЪ во ономъ предпріятій помощь могли оказать, и при семъ случаѣ НАШУ благодарность, что не инако, какъ отъ руки Его приняли Царство, подражая православнымъ прежде НАСЪ бывшимъ Россійским Монархомъ, яке и Греческимъ благочестивымъ и самимъ древнимъ Израильскимъ Царямъ, которые обыкновенно Елеемъ Святымъ на Царство помазываемы были. Положили МЫ намѣреніе безъ продолженія времени принять оное Священное Елея помазаніе, и возложить на себя Корону; что съ помощью Божиего и намѣрены МЫ совершить сего 1762 года, въ Царствующемъ НАШЕМЪ градѣ Москвѣ, мѣсяца Сентября: и о томъ во всей НАШЕЙ Имперіи публиковать печатными манифестами повелѣли.

Подлинной подписанъ собственною ЕЯ ИМПЕРАТОРСКАГО ВЕЛИЧЕСТВА рукою тако:
ЕКАТЕРИНА.

Μ. Μ.

Печатанъ въ Санктпетербургѣ при Сенатѣ. Іюля 7 дня 1762 года.

Madame de Sévigné's letter to Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, dated May 20, 1667

Sources:

Lettres, compiled by Hachette Monmerqué, 1862


The Letters of Madame de Sévigné to her Daughter and Friends, edited and translated by Sarah Josepha Hale, 1878



Above: Madame Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de Sévigné, painted by Claude Lefèbvre.


Above: Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, painted by Claude Lefèbvre.

The letter:

À Paris, ce 20e mai 1667.
Je reçus une lettre de vous en Bretagne, mon cher cousin, où vous me parliez de nos Rabutins, et de la beauté de Bourbilly. Mais comme on m'avoit écrit d'ici qu'on vous y attendoit, et que je croyois moi-même y arriver plus tôt, j'ai toujours différé à vous faire réponse jusques à présent que j'ai appris que vous ne viendrez point ici.

Vous savez qu'il n'est plus question que de guerre. Toute la cour est à l'armée, et toute l'armée est à la cour. Paris est un désert, et, désert pour désert, j'aime beaucoup mieux celui de la forêt de Livry, où je passerai l'été,

En attendant que nos guerriers
Reviennent couverts de lauriers.

Voilà deux vers. Cependant je ne sais si je les savois déjà, ou si je les viens de faire. Comme la chose n'est pas d'une fort grande conséquence, je reprendrai le fil de ma prose.

J'ai bien senti mon cœur pour vous depuis que j'ai vu tant de gens empressés à commencer, ou à recommencer, un métier que vous avez fait avec tant d'honneur, dans le temps que vous avez pu vous en mêler. C'est une chose douloureuse à un homme de courage, d'être chez soi quand il y a tant de bruit en Flandre. Comme je ne doute point que vous ne sentiez sur cela tout ce qu'un homme d'esprit, et qui a de la valeur, peut sentir, il y a de l'imprudence à moi de repasser sur un endroit si sensible. J'espère que vous me pardonnerez par le grand intérêt que j'y prends.

On dit que vous avez écrit au Roi: envoyez-moi la copie de votre lettre, et me mandez un peu des nouvelles de votre vie, quelles sortes de choses vous peuvent amuser, et si l'ajustement de votre maison n'y contribue pas beaucoup. Pour moi, j'ai passé l'hiver en Bretagne, où j'ai fait planter une infinité de petits arbres, et un labyrinthe, d'où l'on ne sortira pas sans le fil d'Ariane. J'ai encore acheté plusieurs terres, à qui j'ai dit à la manière accoutumée: «Je vous fais parc;» de sorte que j'ai étendu mes promenoirs, sans qu'il m'en ait coûté beaucoup. Ma fille vous fait mille amitiés. Je fais autant à toute votre famille.

English translation (from source 2):

PARIS, May 20, 1667.
I received a letter from you, my dear cousin, when I was in Brittany, in which you talked of our ancestors, the Rabutins, and of the beauty of Bourbilly. But as I had heard from Paris that you were expected there, and as I had hoped myself to arrive much sooner, I deferred writing to you; and now I find you are not coming at all. You know that nothing is now talked of but war. The whole court is at camp, and the whole camp is at court; and every place being a desert, I prefer the desert of Livri forest, where I shall pass the summer.

En attendant que nos guerriers
Reviennent couverts de lauriers.

There are two lines for you, but I do not know whether I have heard them before, or have just made them. As it is a matter of no great importance, I shall resume the thread of my prose. My heart has been very favourably inclined towards you, since I have seen so many people eager to begin, or rather to revive, a business in which you acquired so much honor during the time you were able to engage in it. It is a sad thing for a man of courage to be confined at home when there are such great doings in Flanders. As you feel, no doubt, all that a man of spirit and valor can feel, it is imprudent in me to revive so painful a subject. I hope you will forgive me, in consideration of the great interest I take in your affairs.

It is said you have written to the king. Send me a copy of your letter, and give me a little information respecting your mode of life, what sort of things amuse you, and whether the alterations you are making in your house do not contribute a good deal toward it. I have spent the winter in Brittany, where I have planted a great number of trees, and a labyrinth, that will require Ariadne's clew to find the way out of it. I have also purchased some land, to which I have said, as usual, "I shall convert you into a park." I have extended my walks at a trifling expense. My daughter sends you a thousand remembrances. I beg mine to all your family.

Madame de Maintenon's letter to Madame de Fontenay, dated February 14, 1653

Source:

Lettres de Madame de Maintenon, volume 1, 1757


The letter:

Paris, 14 février 1653.
................. Il ne vous le pardonnera jamais, me dit-il, d'un ton et d'un air que je ne lui ai jamais vu. Vous l'avez blessé dans l'endroit le plus sensible; vous avez trompé sa confiance; enfin, c'est un déchaînement, une obstination, dont je ne l'aurois pas cru capable. Ecrivez-lui, dites-lui vos mécontentements; dites tout avec fermeté; j'épierai le moment. Il seroit bien triste pour moi d'être privée du commerce de la personne que j'aime le plus. Ne vous rebutez pas, ne fléchissez point; dans deux jours, je tiens votre paix faite. Dans le fond, vous n'êtes coupable que d'une imprudence, et son cœur est porté à vous justifier. Mon mari est surpris d'une si prompte rupture; il prétend qu'au-lieu de vous en alarmer, vous devez en bénir le Ciel.

English translation (my own):

Paris, February 14, 1653.
................. He will never forgive you for it, he told me, in a tone and air that I have never seen him. You have hurt him in the most sensitive place, you have betrayed his confidence; in short, it is an outburst, an obstinacy, of which I would not have believed him capable. Write to him, tell him your discontent, say everything firmly; I will watch the moment. It would be very sad for me to be deprived of the business of the person I love most. Do not be discouraged, do not give way; in two days, I have your peace made. Basically, you are only guilty of imprudence, and his heart is inclined to justify you. My husband is surprised at such a quick break; he claims that instead of alarming yourself, you must bless Heaven for it.

Baroness Karin Månsdotter's letter, dated March 18, 1597

Source:

DelaGardiska archivet, volume 5, edited by Peter Wieselgren and published by J. Hörberg, 1834



Above: Karin Månsdotter, painted by Eric Utterhielm.

The letter:

För alle the gode män - - bekänner jag Karin Månsdåtter till Edby - - att efter m. Sal. k. moder Fru Anna till Edby - - för thenn dygd, store äre, bistånd och mykit godt som m. k. Herre och hans förvandter hänne bevist hafve och vore hennes ord så lydendes om än icke hade varit af Gud Alzmechtig förseet vi hade kommit tilhopa, utan iag igenom döden hade blifvit hädankallat thå ville hoon skännche och giffue velb. m. k. Herre till et Christeliget åminnelse och Testamente sine morgongåfve - - - - och då strax öfverantvardade honom sitt morgongåfvobref såsom ock mig högeligen formante, att iag samma hännes testament aldeles bejaka - - - och therom sedan i hännes ytterste mig ytterligare förmante, att hvar så vore vi komme tillhopa och iag fulle honom ifrå barnlös, skulle han samma morgongåfva behålla - - skulle - - bebrefve honom mine Fädernegods. Och nu sedan Gud allzm. hafver med sin gudoml. försyn föget min k. Herre och mig tillhopa med äktenskapsband, haffve vi oss emellom samtyckt - - att den efterlefvande skall beholla the then andres jordegods i sin lifstid. - - Så all thenstund min k. Herre hafver uti tetta vårt ächtestånd gudfruchteligen och christeligenn sig emot mig i alle måtte förhollet och kiärligin bevist, - - - therföre hafver jag nu aff mitt samvetz uppväckelse i min siukdom och store svaghet, obidin och uti min k. Herres frånvaro - - skänckt m. k. H. alle mine käre fädernejordegodz - - - Och hvar så vore, att min fädernes slächt så obetänchte vore, att vele tette mitt testamente ryggia, Då skola the förplichtede vare utlägge så månge peninger som godzen äre igenlöste med och handtskriffterna thet nogsampt utvise skole, och icke allenast utlägge thenn Summe - - utan och the handskriffter, som äre inlöste af köpmän och andre som ingen godz vore panntsatte, som mig belöper 1075 daler och 3 mark, dock icke annet slags mynt änn som samme handskrifter äre igenlöste med nämpeligenn framledne Konung Carlls och Salige K. Göstafz mynnt. Ty Gudh skall veta att the äre köpte och icke ärffde, effter min S. Moder aldrig ärfde efter min Sal. Fader till 4 penninger i Lösöra, mere än en gullkädie om 40 Ungerske gyllen, hvilkenn kädh min faders halfbroder Claes Hanssonns barn ännu hafve mig ifrån.
Boxholm d. 18 Martii år 1597.
Karin Måns
dåtter

Queen Maria of Hungary and Bohemia's letter to Philippe de Croÿ, Duke of Arschot, dated March 7, 1536

Source:

Lettres de Charles-Quint, de Marie de Hongrie, régente des Pays-Bas, et de Louis de la Marck, comte de Rochefort, à Philippe de Croy, duc d'Arschot, prince de Chimay, 1535-1536-1539, Bulletin de la Commission royale d'Histoire, 1913


My 500th post on this blog!


Above: Maria of Austria, queen of Hungary and Bohemia and governor of the Netherlands, painted after Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen.

The letter:

Mon cousin, sur ce que, depuis vostre partement, de par vous m'a esté demandé s'il seroit bon et convenable que eussiez escript, ou par le Sr de Licques fait escripre au duc de Vendosme ou Sr de Guyse, comme les subjectz de par deça et de France à l'occasion du bruyt de la guerre se retirent avec leurs biens ès villes et places fortes pour évader les dangiers et inconvéniens, et sur ce enquérir de leurs intencions et voluntez, il m'a semblé et semble que, estant approché des limites de France, ferez bien de vous informer de ce que dit est, secrètement comme bien ce saurez. Et si trouvez que les assemblées des gens de guerre en France se continuent et qu'il y sit apparence que ce soit pour envahir les dicts pays de par deça, en ce cas ledict Sr de Licques pourroit escripre de par luy [sans] faire donner à congnoistre qu'il en ait aucune charge de moy ni de vous aux dessus dis Srs, en la forme cy dessus. Et de ce que pourrez entendre de luy et des emprinses de noz voisins, en pourvoiant à ce que verrez convenir et estre nécessaire pour la seurté des frontières, me veuilliez advertir end iligence. A tant, mon cousin, Nostre Seigneur vous ait en sa garde.
De Bruxelles, le VIIe jour de mars, XVc XXXV.
Vostre cousine,
MARIE.

Note: In accordance with the nobility's ideals in the early modern era, kings and queens considered themselves siblings; when talking to someone of a lower rank than their own, they would refer to that person as "my cousin", regardless of whether or not they were related.

Queen Mary I's letter to her half-sister Princess Elizabeth, dated January 26, 1554

Source:

The girlhood of Queen Elizabeth, a narrative in letters, Frank Arthur Mumby, 1909



Above: Queen Mary I of England, painted by Anthonis Mor.


Above: Princess Elizabeth, artist unknown.

The letter:

January 26, 1554.
Right dear and entirely beloved sister, we greet you well: And whereas certain evil-disposed persons, minding more the satisfaction of their own malicious and seditious minds than their duty of allegiance towards us, have of late foully spread divers lewd and untrue rumours; and by that means and other devilish practices do travail to induce our good and loving subjects to an unnatural rebellion against God, us, and the tranquility of our realm: We, tendering the surety of your person, which might chance to be in some peril if any sudden tumult should arise where you now be, or about Donnington, whither, as we understand, you are minded shortly to remove, do therefore think expedient you should put yourself in good readiness, with all convenient speed, to make your repair hither to us. Which we pray you fail not to do: Assuring you, that as you may most safely remain here, so shall you be most heartily welcome to us. And of your mind herein we pray you to return answer by this messenger.

Given under our signet at our manor of St. James's the 26th of January in the 1st year of our reign.
Your loving sister, MARY, the Queen.

Princess Elizabeth's letter to Lady Catherine Knollys, year 1553

Source:

The girlhood of Queen Elizabeth, a narrative in letters, Frank Arthur Mumby, 1909



Above: Princess Elizabeth, artist unknown.


Above: Lady Catherine Knollys (Carey), painted by Stephen van der Meulen.

The letter:

1553.
Relieve your sorrow for your far journey with joy of your short return, and think this pilgrimage rather a proof of your friends, than a leaving of your country. The length of time, and distance of place, separates not the love of friends, nor deprives not the shew of good-will. An old saying, when bale is lowest boot is nearest: when your need shall be most you shall find my friendship greatest. Let others promise, and I will do, in words not more, in deeds as much. My power but small, my love as great as them whose gifts may tell their friendship's tale, let will supply all other want, and oft sending take the lieu of often sights. Your messengers shall not return empty, nor yet your desires unaccomplished. Lethe's flood hath here no course, good memory hath greatest stream. And, to conclude, a word that hardly I can say, I am driven by need to write, farewell, it is which in the sense one way I wish, the other way I grieve. Your loving cousin and ready friend, COR ROTTO.